Sains Malaysiana 44(3)(2015): 309–316

Utilization of the White-rot Fungus, Trametes menziesiifor Landfill Leachate Treatment

(Penggunaan Kulat Busuk Putih, Trametes menziesiiuntuk Pengolahan Bahan Larut Lesap Tanah Isian)

W.A.R. WAN RAZARINAH^1,2*, M. NOOR ZALINA¹ & NOORLIDAH ABDULLAH¹

¹Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Faculty of Science,

Institute of Biological Sciences, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology, 40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 22 April 2014/Accepted: 30 August 2014

ABSTRACT

The study monitored the characteristics of the leachate collected from ten different landfills and presented the experimental work for the treatment of leachate by immobilized Trametes menziesii. Variation in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) showed that the age of the leachate has a significant effect on its characteristics and composition. The BOD₅/COD ratio tends to decrease as the age of leachate increases, varying from 0.71 for a relatively 'fresh' leachate to 0.62 for an older (more stabilized) one. Variations in the characteristics of the leachate suggested that these leachates are difficult to treat. The principal pollutants in the leachate samples were organic and ammonia loads. Treatment of leachate using immobilized Trametes menziesii achieved 89.14 and 2.11% removals for leachate BOD₅ and COD, respectively. These findings suggested that using immobilized Trametes menziesii can remove promising percentage of BOD and COD leachate.

Keywords: BOD; COD; leachate; white-rot fungi

ABSTRAK

Pencirian bahan larut lesap daripada 10 tanah isian berbeza dan hasil eksperimen dalam pengolahan bahan larut lesap oleh kultur pegun Trametes menziesii telah dikaji. BOD₅, COD dan NH3-N yang bervariasi menunjukkan bahawa usia bahan larut lesap memberikan kesan yang signifikan ke atas ciri dan kandungan bahan larut lesap. Nisbah BOD5/COD menunjukkan pengurangan apabila usia bahan larut lesap meningkat, ia 0.71 bagi bahan larut lesap yang 'baru' dan 0.62 bagi bahan larut lesap yang lebih berusia. Ciri-ciri bahan larut lesap yang bervariasi menyebabkan ia sukar untuk diolah. Bahan cemar yang utama dalam bahan larut lesap adalah bahan organik dan ammonia. Pengolahan bahan larut lesap oleh kultur pegun Trametes menziesii mencatat 89.14 dan 2.11% pembuangan BOD₅ dan COD bahan larut lesap. Penemuan ini mencadangkan bahawa penggunaan kultur pegun Trametes menziesii berupaya untuk menyingkirkan bahan larut lesap BOD₅ dan COD dalam peratusan yang menggalakkan.

Kata kunci: Bahan larut lesap; BOD; COD; kulat busuk putih

REFERENCES

Al-Muzaini, S. 2006. Characteristics of leachate at the Qurain dumping site. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 4: 251-254.

APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.

Baun, A., Ledin, A., Reitzel, L.A., Bjerg, P.L. & Christensen, T.H. 2004. Xenobiotic organic compounds in leachates from ten Danish MSW landfills-chemical analysis and toxicity tests. Water Research 38: 3845-3858.

Bilgili, M.S., Demir, A. & Ozkaya, B. 2007. Influence of leachate recirculation on aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of solid wastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials 143: 177-183.

Chu, L., Cheung, K. & Wong, M. 1994. Variations in the chemical properties of landfill leachate. Environmental Management 18: 105-117.

Cotman, M. & Gotvajn, A.Z. 2010. Comparison of different physico-chemical methods for the removal of toxicants from landfill leachate. Journal of Hazardous Materials 178: 298-305.

Coulibaly, L., Gourene, G. & Agathos, S.N. 2003. Utilization of fungi for biotreatment of raw wastewaters. African Journal of Biotechnology 2: 620-630.

Deng, Y. 2007. Physical and oxidative removal of organics during Fenton treatment of mature municipal landfill leachate. Journal of Hazardous Materials 146: 334-340.

Ding, A., Zhang, Z., Fu, J., Cheng, L. & Zhang, Z. 2001. Biological control of leachate from municipal landfills. Chemosphere 44: 1-8.

Edi Munawar & Fellner, J. 2013. Guidelines for Design and Operation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills in Tropical Climates: ISWA – the International Solid Waste Association.

El-Fadel, M., Bou-Zeid, E., Chahine, W. & Alayli, B. 2002. Temporal variation of leachate quality from pre-sorted and baled municipal solid waste with high organic and moisture content. Waste Management 22: 269-289.

Environmental Quality Act (EQA). 2009. Control of pollution from solid waste transfer station and landfill, Regulation 13 (2009) Schedule 2], under the Laws of Malaysia. Malaysia Environmental Quality Act 1974, Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental, Malaysia.

Eugenio, M.E., Carbajo, J.M., Terrón, M.C., González, A.E. & Villar, J.C. 2008. Bioremediation of lignosulphonates by lignin-degrading basidiomycetous fungi. Bioresource Technology 99: 4929-4934.

Faeiza Haji Buyong, Mohamad Syarizal Abdul Kadir & Fairus Muhammad Darus. 2004. Comparison of selected parameters of leachate in different age of closed landfills. 17th Analysis Chemistry Malaysia Symposium. Swiss-Garden Resort & Spa, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Jemec, A., Tišler, T. & Žgajnar-Gotvajn, A. 2012. Assessment of landfill leachate toxicity reduction after biological treatment. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 62: 210-221.

Kamaruddin, M.A., Yusoff, M.S., Abdul Aziz, H. & Hung, Y.T. 2014. Sustainable treatment of landfill leachate. Applied Water Science DOI: 10.1007/s13201-014-0177-7.

Kang, K.H., Shin, H.S. & Park, H. 2002. Characterization of humic substances present in landfill leachates with different landfill ages and its implications. Water Research 36: 4023- 4032.

Kim, Y.K., Park, S.K. & Kim, S.D. 2003. Treatment of landfill leachate by white rot fungus in combination with zeolite filters. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 38: 671-683.

Kjeldsen, P., Barlaz, M.A., Rooker, A.P., Baun, A., Ledin, A. & Christensen, T.H. 2002. Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 32: 297-336.

Kotterman, M., Wasseveld, R.A. & Field, J.A. 1996. Hydrogen peroxide production as a limiting factor in xenobiotic compound oxidation by nitrogen-sufficient cultures of Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 overproducing peroxidases. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 880-885.

Leonowicz, A., Matuszewska, A., Luterek, J., Ziegenhagen, D., Wojtas-Wasilewska, M., Cho, N.S., Hofrichter, M. & Rogalski, J. 1999. Biodegradation of lignin by white rot fungi. Fungal Genetic and Biology 27: 175-185.

Marttinen, S.K., Kettunen, R.H., Sormunen, K.M., Soimasuo, R.M. & Rintala, J.A. 2002. Screening of physical-chemical methods for removal of organic material, nitrogen and toxicity from low strength landfill leachates. Chemosphere 46: 851-858.

Miller, P.A. & Clesceri, N.L. 2003. Waste Sites as Biological Reactors: Characterization and Modeling. Florida: Lewis Publishers, CRC Press.

Noorlidah Abdullah, Wan Razarinah, W.A.R., Noor Zalina Mahmood & Rosna Mat Taha. 2013. Treatment of landfill leachate using Ganoderma australemycelia immobilized on Ecomat. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 4: 483-487.

Pointing, S.B. 2001. Feasibility of bioremediation by white-rot fungi. Mini-review. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57: 20-33.

Polak, J. & Jarosz-Wilkołazka, A. 2010. Whole-cell fungal transformation of precursors into dyes. Microbial Cell Factories 9: 51.

Pozdnyakova, N.N., Dubrovskaya, E.V., Makarov, O.E., Nikitina, V.E. & Turkovskaya, O.V. 2011. Production of ligninolytic enzymes by white-rot fungi during bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil. Soil Biology 22: 363-377.

Saetang, J. & Babel, S. 2010. Fungi immobilization for landfill leachate treatment. Water Science and Technology 62(6): 1240-1247.

Saetang, J. & Babel, S. 2009. Effect of leachate loading rate and incubation period on the treatment efficiency by T. versicolorimmobilized on foam cubes. International Journal of Environment Science and Technology 6(3): 457-466.

Samudro, G. & Mangkoedihardjo, S. 2010. Review on BOD, COD and BOD/COD ratio: A triangle zone for toxic, biodegradable and stable levels. International Journal of Academic Research 2: 235-239.

Sanitary landfills. 2009. http://www.whbenvironment.com. Accessed on April 14, 2009.

Slack, R.J., Gronow, J.R. & Voulvoulis, N. 2005. Household hazardous waste in municipal landfills: Contaminants in leachate. Science of the Total Environment 337: 119-137.

Tatsi, A.A. & Zouboulis, A.I. 2002. A field investigation of the quantity and quality of leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill in a Mediterranean climate (Thessaloniki, Greece). Advances in Environmental Research 6: 207-219.

Turkdogan-Aydinol, F.I., Yetilmezsoy, K. & Comez, S. 2011. Effect of extracellular enzyme activity on digestion performance of mesophilic UASB reactor treating high-strength municipal wastewater. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 34(4): 389-401.

Waites, M.J., Morgan, N.L., Rockey, J.S. & Higton, G. 2001. Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. London: Blackwell Science Ltd.

Walter, M., Boyd-Wilson, K., Boul, L., Ford, C., McFadden, D., Chong, B. & Pinfold, J. 2005. Field-scale bioremediation of pentachlorophenol by Trametes versicolor. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 56: 51-57.

Zouboulis, A.I., Loukidou, M.X. & Christodoulou, K. 2001. Enzymatic treatment of sanitary landfill leachate. Chemosphere 44: 1103-1108.

*Corresponding author; email: razarina408@yahoo.com