Sains Malaysiana 45(11)(2016): 1597–1602

 

Prevalence of Salmonella sp. in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Obtained from Farms and Wet Markets in Kelantan, Malaysia and Their Antibiotic Resistance

(Prevalens Salmonella sp. dalam Ikan Keli Afrika (Clarias gariepinus) yang Diperoleh dari Ladang Ternakan Ikan dan Pasar Basah di Kelantan, Malaysia dan Ketahanan Antibiotiknya)

 

CHIA KIM SING¹, MD. ZAHIRUL ISLAM KHAN¹*, HASSAN HJ. MOHD DAUD²

& ABD. RAHMAN AZIZ¹

 

¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 16100 Kota Bharu,

Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

 

²Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti

Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 14 May 2015/Accepted: 24 March 2016

 

 

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella sp. isolated from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A total of 30 catfish were harvested from four different farms and four different wet markets. A total of 60 samples (30 catfish skins and 30 catfish intestines) were used for Salmonella sp. isolation (pellet-method), its biochemical and serological test. Confirmation of Salmonella sp. were determined by polyvalent O antisera and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genus specific primers for invA genes (DNA amplification showed one distinct band with molecular weight of 389 bp) and the species of isolated Salmonella sp. were identified by serotyping. The result showed 6/30 (20%) of fish or 6/60 (10%) of organ samples were positive for Salmonella sp. Among those positive for Salmonella sp., 4/6 were from intestine samples and 2/6 were from skin samples. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of Salmonella sp. isolates between fish harvested from farms and wet markets (p-value= 0.406). The Salmonella serovars identified were Salmonella corvallis (n=3), Salmonella mbandaka (n=2) and Salmonella typhmurium (n=1). Salmonella sp. isolates were resistance to Penicillin (P 10, 100%), Clindamycin (DA 2, 100%), Tetracycline (TE 30, 100%) and Rifampicin (RD 5, 100%) and all of the isolates were susceptible or intermediate resistance to Ceftazidime (CAZ 30) and Trimethopin (W 5). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of all Salmonella sp. isolates in current study was 0.67 indicating that fish sampled in the present study was under high risk of been exposed to the tested antibiotics.

 

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; catfish; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Salmonella

 

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk menentukan prevalens dan ketahanan antibiotik terhadap Salmonella sp. yang dipencil daripada ikan keli Afrika (Clarias gariepinus). Sebanyak 30 ekor ikan keli dipencil dari empat ladang ternakan dan empat pasar basah yang berbeza. Jumlah 60 sampel (30 sampel kulit ikan keli dan 30 sampel usus ikan keli) telah diguna untuk menganalisis kehadiran Salmonella sp. (metod-pelet), ujian biokimia dan serologi. Pengesahan Salmonella sp. ditentukan oleh polivalen O antiserum dan tindak balas berantai polimerase (PCR) dengan berat molekul 389 bp dan Salmonella serovar dikenal pasti melalui seropenjenisan. Keputusan menunjukkan 6/30 (20%) daripada ikan atau 6/60 (10%) daripada sampel organ adalah positif bagi Salmonella sp. Antara yang positif bagi Salmonella sp., 4/6 adalah daripada sampel usus dan 2/6 adalah daripada sampel kulit. Tiada perbezaan yang signifikan diperoleh dalam prevalens Salmonella sp. yang dipencil antara ikan dari ladang ternakan dan pasar basah (nilai p = 0.406). Salmonella serovar yang dikenal pasti adalah Salmonella corvallis (n=3), Salmonella mbandaka (n=2) dan Salmonella typhmurium (n=1). Melalui ujian ketahanan antibiotik, 100% sampel menunjukkan kerintangan terhadap antibiotik Penisilin (P 10, 100%), Klindamisin (DA 2, 100%), Tetrasiklin (TE 30, 100%) dan Rifampisin (RD 5, 100%) dan tiada kerintangan terhadap antibotik Ceftazidim (CAZ 30) dan Trimtopin (W 5). Kesemua Salmonella sp. yang telah dipencil menujukkan ketahanan antibiotik berganda (MAR=0.67) dan ia berpotensi untuk menyebabkan masalah kesihatan berkaitan dengan ikan keli.

 

Kata kunci: Ikan keli; ketahanan antibiotik; Salmonella; tindak balas berantai polimerase (PCR)

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*Corresponding author; email: zahirul@umk.edu.my