Sains Malaysiana 45(11)(2016): 1663–1667

 

Highly Porous Chitosan Beads Embedded with Silver-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Antibacterial Application

(Manik Kitosan Berliang Tinggi yang Dibenamkan dengan Nanokomposit Argentum-Grafin Oksida untuk Aplikasi Antibakteria)

 

SOON WEI CHOOK¹*, CHIN HUA CHIA¹, HATIKA KACO¹, SARANI ZAKARIA¹,

NAY MING HUANG² & HUI MIN NEOH³

 

¹Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

³UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Received: 28 March 2015/Accepted: 26 January 2016

 

ABSTRACT

Incorporation of silver nanomaterial into polymer matrix can further accomplished their potential usage in real life applications. In our previous study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver-graphene oxide nanocomposites (AgGO) were prepared via a rapid microwave-assisted method. Hereby, the as-synthesized AgNPs or AgGO was dispersed in a chitosan solution. Subsequently, the resultant mixture solution was further coagulated in a coagulation bath containing sodium hydroxide via a neutralization process. This resulted in the formation of spherical-shaped chitosan beads. The structure of the beads showed that the chitosan beads embedded with AgGO exhibited a more porous structure as compared to the plain chitosan beads. Furthermore, the chitosan beads containing AgNPs or AgGO were tested for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial results indicated that the silver nanomaterial contained chitosan beads could effectively inhibit the growth of both E. coli and S. aureus as compared to the bare chitosan beads. The produced chitosan nanocomposite envisioned that can be potentially employed for water disinfection purpose.

 

Keywords: Antibacterial; chitosan; silver-graphene oxide nanocomposites; silver nanoparticles

 

ABSTRAK

Penggabungan nanobahan Argentum ke dalam matrik polimer boleh dicapai bagi potensi kegunaan dalam aplikasi kehidupan sebenar. Dalam kajian kami sebelum ini, nanozarah Argentum (NZAg) dan nanokomposit Argentum-grafin oksida (AgGO) telah disediakan melalui kaedah berbantu mikrogelombang pantas. Dengan ini, NZAg atau AgGO yang terhasil telah disebar ke dalam larutan kitosan. Kemudiannya, hasil larutan campuran seterusnya digumpal dalam rendaman penggumpal yang mengandungi natrium hidroksida melalui proses peneutralan. Ini menyebabkan pembentukan manik kitosan berbentuk sfera. Struktur manik menunjukkan manik kitosan yang dibenamkan dengan AgGO mempamerkan struktur yang lebih berliang berbanding manik kitosan biasa. Tambahan lagi, manik kitosan yang mengandungi NZAg dan AgGO telah diuji untuk aktiviti antibakteria terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Keputusan antibakteria menunjukkan bahawa manik kitosan mengandungi nanobahan Argentum berkesan menghalang pertumbuhan kedua-dua E. coli dan S. aureus berbanding manik kitosan biasa. Nanokomposit kitosan yang terhasil diharapkan dapat berpotensi untuk digunakan bagi tujuan pembasmian kuman air.

 

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; kitosan; nanokomposit Argentum-grafin oksida; nanobahan Argentum

REFERENCES

Ali, S.W., Rajendran, S. & Joshi, M. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan and silver loaded chitosan nanoparticles for bioactive polyester. Carbohydrate Polymers 83(2): 438-446.

Araiza, R.N.R., Rochas, C., David, L. & Domard, A. 2008. Interrupted wet-spinning process for chitosan hollow fiber elaboration. Macromolecular Symposia 266(1): 1-5.

Bordenave, N., Grelier, S. & Coma, V. 2009. Hydrophobization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan and paper-based packaging material. Biomacromolecules 11(1): 88-96.

Chaloupka, K., Malam, Y. & Seifalian, A.M. 2010. Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications. Trends in Biotechnology 28(11): 580-588.

Chook, S.W., Chia, C.H., Zakaria, S., Ayob, M.K., Chee, K.L., Huang, N.M., Neoh, H.M., Lim, H.N., Jamal, R. & Rahman, R.M.F.R.A. 2012. Antibacterial performance of Ag nanoparticles and AgGO nanocomposites prepared via rapid microwave-assisted synthesis method. Nanoscale Research Letters 7(1): 541.

Jayakumar, R., Prabaharan, M., Sudheesh Kumar, P.T., Nair, S.V. & Tamura, H. 2011. Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotechnology Advances 29(3): 322-337.

Jayakumar, R., Menon, D., Manzoor, K., Nair, S.V. & Tamura, H. 2010. Biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan based nanomaterials - A short review. Carbohydrate Polymers 82(2): 227-232.

Liu, L., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Yan, X. & Sun, D.D. 2011. Facile synthesis of monodispersed silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets with enhanced antibacterial activity. New Journal of Chemistry 35(7): 1418-1423.

López-Carballo, G., Higueras, L., Gavara, R. & Hernández-Muñoz, P. 2012. Silver ions release from antibacterial chitosan films containing in-situ generated silver nanoparticles. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61(1): 260-267.

Ma, J., Zhang, J., Xiong, Z., Yong, Y. & Zhao, X.S. 2011. Preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties of silver-modified graphene oxide. Journal of Materials Chemistry 21(10): 3350-3352.

No, H.K., Young Park, N., Ho Lee, S. & Meyers, S.P. 2002. Antibacterial activity of chitosans and chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights. International Journal of Food Microbiology 74(1-2): 65-72.

Panáček, A., Kvítek, L., Prucek, R., Kolář, M., Večeřová, R., Pizúrová, N., Sharma, V.K., Nevěčná, T.J. & Zbořil, R. 2006. Silver colloid nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110(33): 16248-16253.

Potara, M., Jakab, E., Damert, A., Popescu, O., Canpean, V. & Astilean, S. 2011. Synergistic antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on Staphylococcus aureus. Nanotechnology 22(13): 135101.

Rai, M., Yadav, A. & Gade, A. 2009. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnology Advances 27(1): 76-83.

Ravi Kumar, M.N.V. 2000. A review of chitin and chitosan applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers 46(1): 1-27.

Sanpui, P., Murugadoss, A., Prasad, P.V.D., Ghosh, S.S. & Chattopadhyay, A. 2008. The antibacterial properties of a novel chitosan-Ag-nanoparticle composite. International Journal of Food Microbiology 124(2): 142-146.

Shen, J., Shi, M., Li, N., Yan, B., Ma, H., Hu, Y. & Ye, M. 2010. Facile synthesis and application of Ag-chemically converted graphene nanocomposite. Nano Research 3(5): 339-349.

Vimala, K., Mohan, Y.M., Sivudu, K.S., Varaprasad, K., Ravindra, S., Reddy, N.N., Padma, Y., Sreedhar, B. & Mohana Raju, K. 2010. Fabrication of porous chitosan films impregnated with silver nanoparticles: A facile approach for superior antibacterial application. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 76(1): 248-258.

Xiu, Z.M., Zhang, Q.B., Puppala, H.L., Colvin, V.L. & Alvarez, P.J.J. 2012. Negligible particle-specific antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. Nano Letters 12(8): 4271-4275.

Zainy, M., Huang, N.M., Vijay Kumar, S., Lim, H.N., Chia, C.H. & Harrison, I. 2012. Simple and scalable preparation of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposites via rapid thermal treatment. Materials Letters 89(0): 180-183.

 

*Corresponding author; email: chooksoonwei@gmail.com