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Sains Malaysiana 45(12)(2016):
1779–1785 Mekanisme Pembentukan Apatit pada
Permukaan Sampel β-Wolastonit yang Dihasilkan daripada Abu
Sekam Padi (Mechanism of Apatite Formation on β-wollastonite
Sample Surface Synthesized from Rice Husk Ash) HAMISAH ISMAIL,
ROSLINDA
SHAMSUDIN*,
MUHAMMAD
AZMI
ABDUL
HAMID & ROZIDAWATI
AWANG Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti
Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia Recieved: 8 October 2015/Accepted:
25 March 2016 ABSTRAK Mekanisme pembentukan apatit
pada permukaan β-wolastonit dikaji. β-wolastonit dihasilkan
daripada teknik sol-gel menggunakan abu sekam dan batu kapur terkalsin
sebagai bahan pemula dengan nisbah CaO:SiO2 adalah
55:45. Kebioaktifan sampel β-wolastonit dikaji dengan merendam
sampel berbentuk silinder dalam larutan simulasi badan (SBF)
untuk tempoh yang ditetapkan iaitu 1, 3, 7 dan 14 hari. Komposisi
permukaan, morfologi dan perubahan struktur sampel sebelum dan selepas
direndam dianalisis melalui pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan mikroskop elektron imbasan
(FESEM) yang digabungkan dengan EDX.
Keputusan XRD menunjukkan fasa β-wolastonit berjaya dihasilkan
selepas dimasukkan ke dalam autoklaf untuk 8 jam pada suhu 135°C
pada tekanan 0.24 MPa dan disinter 2 jam pada suhu 950°C. Apatit
didapati tumbuh pada permukaan sampel β-wolastonit selepas
7 hari rendaman dalam larutan SBF.
Semasa proses rendaman dalam larutan SBF, 2 jenis kumpulan kalsium
fosfat dihasilkan iaitu amorfus kalsium fosfat (ACP)
selepas 3 hari rendaman dengan julat nisbah Ca/P 1.2-2.02 dan pada
hari ke-14 membentuk hidroskiapatit kurang kalsium (CDHA) dengan nisbah Ca/P 1.63.
Perubahan fasa sampel β-wolastonit daripada keadaan hablur
kepada amorfus jelas terbukti daripada keputusan XRD selepas direndam dalam SBF
dengan penurunan puncak keamatan bagi sampel β-wolastonit pada
sudut belauan 30°. Ini mengukuhkan mekanisme pembentukan lapisan
apatit pada permukaan sampel β-wolastonit dan ianya bersifat
bioaktif. Kata kunci: Abu sekam; apatit;
batu kapur terkalsin; β-wolastonit; kebioaktifan ABSTRACT The mechanism of apatite formation
on the β-wollastonite surface was studied. β-wollastonite
was produced using the sol-gel technique from rice husk ash and
calcined limestone as the starting material with CaO:SiO2 ratio
of 55:45. Bioactivity of the β-wollastonite sample was studied
by immersing a cylindrical form sample in a simulation body fluid
solution (SBF)
for a period of 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Surface composition, morphology
and structural of the sample before and after immersion were analyzed
using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (FESEM)
coupled with EDX. The XRD results showed that β-wollastonite
was successful obtained after autoclaving for 8 h at 135°C, with
pressure at 0.24 MPa and sintered for 2 h at 950°C. Apatite was
found to growth on the surface of β-wollastonite after 7 days
of immersion in the SBF
solution. During immersion in the SBF solution, two types of calcium phosphate
groups were obtained, which is amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)
after 3 days of immersion with Ca/P ratio in the range of 1.2-2.02
and on the 14th day, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)
is formed with the molar ratio Ca/P 1.63. Phase transformation from
crystalline to an amorphous was clearly been detected from the XRD results
through the decreasing of the peak intensity at 2 theta of 30.00 after
immersing in the SBF. This supports the occurring of apatite
formation mechanism on the β-wollastonite surface and possesses
bioactive property. Keywords: Apatite; bioactivity; β-wollastonite; calcined limestone;
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