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Sains Malaysiana 45(12)(2016): 1869–1877 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2016-4512-11 Analisis Perubahan Guna Tanah dan
Litupan Bumi di Gombak, Selangor Menggunakan Data Penderiaan Jauh (Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes
in Gombak, Selangor Using Remote Sensing Data) NUR HAKIMAH
ASNAWI*
& LAM KUOK CHOY Pusat Penyelidikan
Kelestarian Sosial, Pembangunan & Persekitaran (SEEDS), Fakulti
Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia Received: 27 November
2015/Accepted: 22 July 2016 ABSTRAK Penyelidikan ini dijalankan
untuk mengesan perubahan guna tanah dan litupan bumi (LULC)
di daerah Gombak, Selangor melalui pendekatan penderiaan jauh.
Perbandingan data siri masa antara tahun 1989-1999, 1999-2014
dan 1989-2014 telah dilakukan bagi melihat perubahan LULC. Data yang digunakan ialah imej
satelit Landsat (TM dan OLI-TIRS)
dan Peta Guna Tanah Selangor 1990 terbitan Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia.
Guna tanah dibahagikan kepada lima kategori utama, iaitu badan
air, hutan, getah, kelapa sawit dan tepu bina. Penilaian ketepatan
antara LULC hasil
daripada pengelasan imej penderiaan jauh dengan peta guna tanah
1990 dikira berdasarkan Koeffisien Kappa menerusi teknik ralat
matrik dan nilai ketepatan adalah 74.5%. Analisis GIS ke atas
imej pasca klasifikasi menunjukkan perubahan sebenar LULC bagi tahun perbandingan 1989-1999 ialah 13.69%, seterusnya
meningkat kepada 18.65% bagi tahun 1999-2014 dan terus meningkat
bagi tahun bandingan 1989-2014, iaitu 24.25%. Guna tanah getah
mengalami perubahan sebenar paling tinggi berbanding guna tanah
lain dengan -47.73% bagi tahun bandingan 1989-1999, manakala tahun
bandingan 1999-2014 menunjukkan guna tanah tepu bina mengalami
perubahan paling tinggi dengan +44.53% dan pada tahun 1989-2014
pula guna tanah getah mengalami perubahan sebenar paling tinggi
sebanyak -34.6%. Kemerosotan guna tanah getah sangat ketara di
daerah Gombak dan mempunyai kaitan dengan peningkatan kawasan
guna tanah tepu bina. Secara umumnya, pola perubahan guna tanah
dan litupan bumi di daerah Gombak selari dengan perkembangan dan
pelaksanaan pembangunan semasa oleh pihak berkuasa. Kata kunci: Imej satelit; Landsat;
penilaian ketepatan; perubahan guna tanah/litupan bumi ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was
to examine the land use and land cover changes (LULC)
in Gombak, Selangor by using remote sensing approach. Comparison
of time series data between years of 1989-1999, 1999-2014 and
1989-2014 have been carried out to identify the changes of LULC. The data used in this study were
Landsat satellite imagery (TM and OLI-TIRS)
and the Selangor Landuse Map 1990 published by Department of Agriculture.
Land uses have been divided into five main categories representing
water bodies, forest, rubber, oil palm and built-up areas. An
accuracy assessment is calculated for the LULC map derived from image classification techniques and
1990’s Landuse Map based on Coefficient Kappa and error matrix
techniques and the result showed accuracy of 74.5%. GIS analysis of the post-classification
images showed real changes of LULC in
Gombak for the comparative year 1989-1999 is 13.69%, which increased
to 18.65% for the year 1999-2014 and continued to rise to 24.25%
for the comparative year 1989-2014. Changes in rubber were found
to be the highest compared to other categories of LULC, accounted for -47.73% for the year 1989/1999, while
1999-2014 showed that the built-up area has the highest changes
at +44.53% and for the year 1989-2014 rubber has the highest change
value at -34.6%. The decline of rubber in Gombak can be attributed
to the increasing of built-up area which has taken over the agricultural
area. In general, the pattern of LULC
in Gombak is in line with the expansion and implementation
of development by the local authorities. Keywords: Accuracy assessment; Landsat; land use/land cover change;
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