Sains Malaysiana 45(12)(2016): 1887–1896

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2016-4512-13

 

Kajian Ketumpatan Lineamen dalam Penilaian Potensi Jatuhan Batuan di Kawasan

Lembah Kinta

(Study of Lineament Density in Potential Evaluation of Rock Fall in Kinta Valley)

 

 

MUHAMMAD FAHMI ABDUL GHANI1*, NORBERT SIMON1, GOH THIAN LAI1,

TUAN ROSLI TUAN MOHAMED2 & ABDUL GHANI RAFEK3

 

1Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

2Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Perak, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan

Malaysia

 

3Jabatan Geosains, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar,

31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

 

Received: 25 March 2016/Accepted: 19 August 2016

 

ABSTRAK

Perbukitan batu kapur di Lembah Kinta membentuk landskap muka bumi yang unik dan indah hasil daripada proses pelarutan batuan karbonat. Namun begitu, bergantung kepada kawasan perbukitan batu kapur tersebut, kehadiran pelbagai struktur geologi seperti struktur retakan dan kekar yang ekstensif mampu memberi ancaman kepada manusia dan harta benda. Kajian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara ketumpatan lineamen dan tahap kestabilan tujuh cerun gunung batu kapur di Lembah Kinta, Malaysia. Kajian ini terbahagi kepada dua peringkat, iaitu pemetaan ketumpatan lineamen dan penilaian kestabilan cerun dengan menggunakan kaedah Kekuatan Jasad Batuan (RMS). Sebanyak 599 lineamen rantau dikenal pasti dengan panjang keseluruhan lineamen mencapai 317 km. Seterusnya, peta ketumpatan lineamen yang dihasilkan dikelaskan kepada tiga kelas: Rendah (137.0-84.23) m, sederhana (84.22-46.83) m dan tinggi (46.82-0.0) m. Kaedah RMS yang dijalankan di lapangan pula adalah bertujuan bagi mengesahkan peta ketumpatan lineamen yang dihasilkan. Sebanyak dua belas stesen dinilai dengan tujuh parameter RMS iaitu kekuatan bahan batuan, tahap luluhawa, bukaan kekar, orientasi kekar, kelebaran kekar, ketakselanjaran dan aliran air bawah tanah. Setiap cerun yang dinilai dikelaskan kepada lima kumpulan daripada sangat lemah hingga sangat kuat. Skor RMS berdasarkan jumlah akhir setiap parameter yang dinilai. Hampir kesemua stesen yang dicerap berada pada kelas sederhana (Gunung Rapat, Datok, Kandu, Panjang, A, Tempurung) manakala hanya satu stesen (Gunung Lang) berada pada kelas lemah. Korelasi antara peta ketumpatan lineamen dan skor RMS menunjukkan korelasi yang baik dengan 73% ketepatan. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kestabilan cerun di Lembah Kinta dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh ketumpatan lineamen rantau.

 

Kata kunci: Batu kapur; jatuhan batuan; kekuatan jasad batuan; ketumpatan lineamen; Lembah Kinta

 

ABSTRACT

Limestone hills in Kinta Valley formed a prominent natural beauty to the landscape due to its unique features formed by dissolution of carbonate rocks. However, depending from where the hill is situated, it may exposes threat to humans and properties due to the existence of many geological structures such as extensive joints and fractures. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lineament density map and stability of seven limestone hills in Kinta Valley, Malaysia. Methods in this study were divided into two stages, namely the lineament density map and evaluation of the slope stability using the rock mass strength (RMS) method. A total of 599 lineaments were identified with the total length of 317 km. Lineament density map is further classified into three classes: Low (137.0-84.23), medium (84.22-46.83) and high (46.82-0.0). The purpose of RMS is to validate rockfall susceptibility as portrayed in the lineament density map. A total of 12 assessment stations for each of the hills were conducted using the rock mass strength system (RMS). The geological conditions of the hills were assessed by using seven components of the RMS, these are intact rock strength, weathering, joint width, joint orientation, joint width, discontinuity and ground water flow. Subsequently, the hills are classified into very strong, strong, moderate, weak, or very weak based on the sum of ratings for all the components. The results observed in the field showed that almost all stations are classified into the medium class (Gunung A, Rapat, Datok, Lang, Kandu, Panjang and Tempurung), only one station (Gunung Lang) is classified in the weak class. The lineament density map and the RMS scores are correlated well with 73% accuracy. This shows that the stability of slopes in Kinta Valley is directly affected by regional lineament density.

 

Keywords: Kinta Valley; limestone; lineament density; rock fall; rock mass strength

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*Corresponding author; email: fahmighani@icloud.com

 

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