Sains Malaysiana 45(4)(2016): 559–565

Bioactivity and Stability Studies of Anthocyanin-Containing Extracts from Garcinia mangostana L. and Etlingera elatior Jack

(Aktiviti Biologi dan Kajian Kestabilan Ekstrak mengandungi Antosianin daripada Garcinia mangostana L. dan Etlingera elatior Jack)

SUJATHA RAMASAMY*, NOR AFIFA MAZLAN, NURUL ASYIKIN RAMLI, WAN NUR ASYIQIN RASIDI & SUGUMARAN MANICKAM

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 11 March 2015/Accepted: 9 October 2015

ABSTRACT

Anthocyanin-containing extract (ACE) were prepared from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) and the inflorescence part of Etlingera elatior Jack (torch ginger) by using acidified methanol as extraction solvent. Our present study focuses on the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and the effect of temperature, light and pH on stability of ACE derived from G. mangostana and E. elatior. The monomeric anthocyanin and total phenolic content in E. elatior was higher (43.42±0.01 mg/L dan 10.07±0.01 gGAE /100 g) compared to G. mangostana (15.03±0.01 mg/L and 3.29±0.01 gGAE/100 g). Both ACE of E. elatior and G. mangostana exhibited free radical scavenger activity, with IC₅₀ value of14.90±1.02 mg/mL and 15.50±0.52 mg/mL, respectively, in 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. ACE of E. elatior was also found to be a good reducing and possessed higher absorbance values at concentrations range from 1.25 to 20 mg/mL in FRAP assay. ACE of  E. elatior exhibited mild cytotoxicity on human ovarian SKOV-3 cell line with IC₅₀ values of 54.32 ± 4.60 μg/mL. The effects of light and temperature on ACE stability were performed in different environmental conditions, which promote the destabilization of anthocyanin molecules. ACE stability of G. mangostana were less resist to the effect of light but very susceptible to the prolonged effect of heat after 2 h exposure compared to the ACE in E. elatior. The different in pH highly influence the stability of both ACE which can be observed from the decrease in absorbance readings.

Keywords: Antioxidant; anthocyanin; cytotoxic; Etlingera elatior Jack; Garcinia mangostana L.

ABSTRAK

Antosianin yang mengandungi ekstrak (ACE) telah disediakan daripada perikarp Garcinia mangostana L. (Manggis) dan bahagian bunga Etlingera elatior Jack (kantan) dengan menggunakan metanol berasid sebagai pelarut pengekstrakan. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada aktiviti antioksida dan sitotoksik dan kesan suhu, cahaya dan pH pada kestabilan ACE daripada G. mangostana  dan E. elatior. Kandungan antosianin monomer dan jumlah kandungan fenolik dalam E. elatior adalah lebih tinggi (43.42±0.01 mg/L dan 10.07±0.01 gGAE /100 g) berbanding dengan G. mangostana (15.03±0.01 mg/L dan 3.29±0.01 gGAE/100 g). Kedua-dua ACE E. elatior dan G. mangostana menunjukkan aktiviti pemakan radikal bebas dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebanyak 14.90±1.02 mg/mL dan 15.50± 0.52 mg/mL, masing-masing dalam asei 2,2’-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl. ACE E. elatior juga didapati mempunyai penurunan yang baik dan nilai absorbans yang tinggi pada kepekatan antara 1.25 hingga 20 mg/L dalam asei FRAP. ACE E. elatior menunjukkan sitotoksisiti sederhana pada leluhur sel kanser SKOV-3 ovari dengan nilai IC₅₀ 54.32 ± 4.6 0 μg/mL. Kesan cahaya dan suhu terhadap kestabilan ACE telah dijalankan dalam keadaan persekitaran yang berbeza, yang menggalakkan ketidakstabilan molekul antosianin. Kestabilan ACE G. mangostana kurang menahan kesan cahaya tetapi sangat terdedah kepada kesan cahaya yang berpanjangan selama dua jam berbanding ACE E. elatior. Perbezaan dalam pH sangat mempengaruhi kestabilan kedua-dua ACE yang dapat dilihat daripada penurunan dalam bacaan absorbans.

Kata kunci: Antioksida; antosianin; Etlingera elatior Jack; Garcinia mangostana L.; sitotoksik

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*Corresponding author; email: sujatha@um.edu.my