Sains Malaysiana 45(5)(2016): 669–676

Taburan dan Kepelbagaian Foraminifera Bentik di dalam Sedimen Permukaan Sekitar Delta Sungai Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia

(The Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Foraminifera in Surface Sediment of Pahang River Delta, Pahang, Malaysia)

NORASWANA NOR FAIZ¹*, RAMLAN OMAR¹, MUHAMAD NAIM ABD MALEK¹, CHUANSHUN LI² & YANGUANG LIU²

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 6 Xianxialing Road

Qingdao 266061, China

Received: 30 April 2015/Accepted: 3 December 2015

ABSTRAK

Suatu kajian mengenai taburan dan kepelbagaian spesies Foraminifera bentik di dalam sedimen permukaan telah dijalankan di sekitar Delta Sungai Pahang, Pahang. Sebanyak 33 sampel sedimen telah diambil bagi tujuan ini. Hasilnya, sebanyak 82 spesies, 45 genus dan 29 famili telah berjaya dikenal pasti daripada sejumlah 28,501 individu Foraminifera. Stesen 5 mencatatkan jumlah kehadiran Foraminifera paling tinggi iaitu sebanyak 5,543 individu. Stesen 11 pula mencatatkan jumlah kehadiran paling rendah dengan hanya 46 individu sahaja. Spesies yang paling dominan dan melimpah (>10%) ialah Amphistegina lessonni (4,790 individu) dan Amphistegina gibbosa (4,490 individu). Kemudian, diikuti oleh Elphidium advenum, Operculina ammonoides dan Asterorotalia pulchella (>5%). Bagi famili pula, Amphisteginidae merupakan famili paling dominan dengan mencatatkan jumlah individu tertinggi iaitu 9,280 (mewakili 32.6% daripada keseluruhan individu). Famili Hauerinidae mencatatkan kepelbagaian spesies yang paling tinggi iaitu sebanyak 24 spesies telah berjaya dijumpai. Indeks kepelbagaian spesies, H' yang dicatatkan adalah antara 1.1 dan 3.1. Manakala indeks kekayaan spesies, α adalah antara 2.0 dan 9.4.

Kata kunci: Delta Sungai Pahang; Foraminifera; kepelbagaian; taburan

ABSTRACT

A study on distribution and diversity of benthic Foraminifera in surface sediment has been carried out in Pahang River Delta, Pahang. A total of 33 sediment samples were taken for this study. As a result, 82 species, 45 genera and 29 families has been identified from a total of 28,501 individuals of Foraminifera. Station 5 recorded the highest abundance of Foraminifera with 5,543 individuals while station 11 recorded the lowest abundance with only 46 individuals. The most dominant and abundant species are Amphistegina lessonni (4,790 individuals) and Amphistegina gibbosa (4,490 individuals), followed by Elphidium advenum, Operculina ammonoides and Asterorotalia pulchella (>5%). As for the family, Amphisteginidae is the most dominant family with a total of 9,280 individuals (representing 32.6% of the total individuals). Family Hauerinidae has the highest specific diversity with 24 species. Index of species diversity (H') was recorded between 1.1 and 3.1. Meanwhile, index of species richness α was between 2.0 and 9.4.

Keywords: Diversity; distribution; Foraminifera; Pahang River Delta

REFERENCES

Boersma, A. 1980. Foraminifera. Dlm. Introduction to Marine Micropaleontology, disunting oleh Haq, B. U. dan Boersma, A. New York: Elsevier North Holland, Inc. hlm. 19-77.

Boltovskoy, E., Scott, D.B. & Milioli, F.S. 1991. Morphological variation of benthic foraminifera test in reponse to changes in ecological parameter: A review. Journal of Palaeontology 65(2): 175-185.

Culver, S.J., Leorri, E., Corbett, D.R., Mallinson, D.J., Shazili, N.A.M., Mohammad, M.N., Parham, P.R. & Yaacob, R. 2013. Infaunal mangrove swamp foraminifera in the Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 43: 262-279.

Culver, S.J., Mallinson, D.J., Corbett, D.R., Leorri, E., Rouf, A.A., Shazili, N.A.M., Yaacob, R., Whittaker, J.E., Buzas, M.A. & Parham, P.R. 2012. Distribution of foraminifera in the Setiu estuary and lagoon, Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 42(2): 109-133.

Dhillon, D.S. 1969. Three new species of foraminifera from Malaysia. Journal of Paleontology 43(3): 767-770.

Doyle, P. 1999. Understanding Fossils: An Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology. London: John Wiley and Sons.

Fisher, R.A., Corbert, A.S. & Williams, C.B. 1943. The relationship between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population. Journal of Animal Ecology 12: 42-58.

Hasan, S.S., Mohamed, M., Muhsin, N. & Jirin, S. 2012. The distribution of Miliammina fusca in three different environmental settings of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. Dlm. Ninth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera, disunting oleh Alegret, L., Ortiz, S. & Kaminski, M.A. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication. p. 18: 38.

Husain, M.L., Satyanarayana, B. & Ibrahim, R. 2007. Down-core variations of foraminiferal distribution in the mangrove sediments of Kapar and Matang, West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 2(2): 38-54.

Jones, R.W. 1994. The Challenger Foraminifera. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Loeblich, A.R. & Tappan, H.N. 1988. Foraminifera Genera and their Classification. New York: University of Kansas Press.

Milker, Y. & Schmiedl, G. 2012. A taxonomic guide to modern benthic shelf foraminifera of the western Mediterranean Sea. Palaeontologia Electronica 15(2): 1-134.

Minhat, F.I., Yahya, K., Talib, A. & Ahmad, O. 2014. Benthic foraminiferal distributions as bioindicators in coastal waters of Penang National Park, Malaysia. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 44(2): 143-150.

Mohamed, M., Hasan, S.S., Yakzan, A.M. & Jirin, S. 2008. Agglutinated foraminiferal trends and assemblages of the Sedili Besar River and its offshore area, Southeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Dlm. Eighth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera, disunting oleh Filipescu, S. dan Kaminski M.A. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication. hlm. 35.

Murray, J.W. 2006. Ecology and Application of Benthic Foraminifera. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Pringgoprawiro, H. & Kapid, R. 2000. Foraminifera: Pengenalan Mikrofosil dan Aplikasi Biostratigrafi. Bandung: Penerbit ITB.

Renema, W., Hoeksema, B.W. & van Hinte, J.E. 2001. Larger benthic foraminifera and their distribution patterns on the Spermonde shelf, South Sulawesi. Zoologische Verhandelingen 334: 115-149.

Shannon, C. & Weaver, W. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illionis Press.

Szarek, R., Kuhnt, W., Kawamura, H. & Kitazato, H. 2006. Distribution of recent benthic foraminifera on the Sunda Shelf (South China Sea). Marine Micropaleontology 61: 171-195.

Whittaker, J.E. & Hodgkinson, R.L. 1979. Foraminifera of the Togopi Formation, Eastern Sabah, Malaysia. London: British Museum.

*Corresponding author; email: iswana08@gmail.com