 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 46(6)(2017): 897–902
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4606-08
In Vitro Somatic Embryos Multiplication of Eurycoma longifolia Jack using Temporary Immersion System RITA® (Multiplikasi In
Vitro Embrio Somatik
daripada Eurycoma
longifolia Jack Menggunakan
Sistem Rendaman Sementara RITA®)
NOOR
MADIHAH
MOHD,
HAFSAH
JA'AFAR,
DHIYA
DALILA
ZAWAWI
& NADIAWATI ALIAS*
School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Received: 6 March 2016/Accepted: 9 November 2016
ABSTRACT
Temporary immersion
system, Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion® (RITA®),
is one of the innovative systems that allow the production of
large number of somatic embryos or plantlets via in vitro plant propagation.
It has been widely used to avoid associated problems such as low
multiplication rate of somatic embryos and hyperhydricity
during plant propagation. Thus, an attempt was made to investigate
optimal parameters such as immersion time and immersion frequency,
for the multiplication of direct somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon
culture of Eurycoma longifolia Jack
using RITA®.
Four periods of immersion time (1, 5, 10 and 15 min every 4 h)
were evaluated for the efficiency in somatic embryos multiplication.
In order to optimize repetitive somatic embryogenesis, three different
immersion frequencies (5 min immersion every 2, 4 and 8 h) were
applied. The highest number of secondary embryos (69.67 ±
9.73) was found significant when immersing the globular, primary
embryos for 5 min every 4 h as compared to other immersion time
tested. The secondary somatic embryos obtained in this study could
be further used for the development of plantlet regeneration of
E. longifolia.
Keywords: Eurycoma longifolia Jack; secondary embryogenesis; temporary immersion system RITA®
ABSTRAK
Sistem rendaman sementara,
''Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion®'
(RITA®),
merupakan salah
satu sistem inovatif
yang merangsang pengeluaran
embrio somatik
atau anak pokok
dalam kuantiti
yang banyak bagi pembiakbakaan
in vitro pokok. Sistem ini telah banyak
digunakan bagi
mengelakkan masalah seperti multiplikasi embrio somatik yang rendah dan hiperhidrisiti
bagi pembiakbakaan secara in vitro.
Jadi, satu
kajian telah dijalankan
bagi mengkaji
parameter yang optimum seperti tempoh
masa dan frekuensi
rendaman bagi multiplikasi
embrio somatik
daripada kultur
kotiledon Eurycoma
longifolia Jack dengan
menggunakan RITA®.
Empat
tempoh masa rendaman (1, 5,
10 dan 15 min setiap 4 jam) telah dinilai keberkesanannya
bagi multiplikasi
embrio somatik. Untuk mengoptimumkan penghasilan embrio somatik sekunder, tiga frekuensi rendaman (5 min setiap 2, 4 dan 8 jam) telah digunakan. Jumlah embrio sekunder
somatik tertinggi
(69.67 ± 9.73) telah diperoleh
untuk tempoh rendaman
selama 5 min bagi
setiap 4 jam jika dibandingkan dengan tempoh masa rendaman yang lain.
Embrio somatik sekunder yang diperoleh melalui kajian ini boleh
digunakan pada
masa hadapan bagi pertumbuhan
semula anak
pokok E. longifolia.
Kata kunci: Embrio somatik sekunder; Eurycoma longifolia Jack; sistem rendaman sementara RITA®
REFERENCES
Akdemir, H., Süzerer,
V., Onay, A., Tilkat, E., Ersali, Y. & Çiftçi, Y.O.
2014. Micropropagation of the pistachio and its rootstocks by temporary immersion system. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 117(1): 65-76.
Albarran, J., Bertrand, B., Lartaud, M. &
Etienne, H. 2005. Cycle characteristics in a
temporary immersion bioreactor affect regeneration, morphology, water and
mineral status of Coffee (Coffea arabica) somatic embryos. Plant Cell, Tissue and
Organ Culture 81: 27-36.
Al-Salahi, O.S.A., Ji, D., Majid, A.M.S.A., Kit-Lam, C., Abdullah,
W.Z., Zaki, A., Din, S.K.K.J., Yusoff,
N.M. & Majid, A.S.A. 2014. Anti-tumor activity
of Eurycoma longifolia root extracts against K-562 cell line: In vitro and in vivo study. PloS One 9(1): e83818.
Balakrishnan, B., Alwee,
S.S.R.S., Keng, C.L. & Subramaniam,
S. 2014. Histology of somatic embryos of Eurycoma longifolia(Simaroubaceae):
Relevance in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated
transformation. Pakistan Journal of Botany 46(3): 1061-1064.
Basir, R., Chan, K.L., Yam, M.F., Othman, F., Abdullah, W.O., Moklas, M.A.M., Rahim, A.S.A., Ismail, I.S., Hidayat, M.T., Taib, C.N.M. & Mahmus, R. 2012. Antimalarial activity of selected Malaysian medicinal plants. Phytopharmacology 3(1): 82-92.
Canter, P.H., Thomas, H. & Ernst, E.
2005. Bringing medicinal plants into cultivation: Opportunities and challenges
for biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology 23(4): 180-185.
Chua, L.S., Amin, N.A.M., Neo, J.C.H., Lee, T.H., Lee, C.T., Sarmidi, M.R. & Aziz, R.A. 2011. LC-MS/MS-based metabolites of Eurycoma longifolia(Tongkat Ali) in Malaysia (Perak and Pahang). Journal
of Chromatography B Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 879(32): 3909-3919.
Danial, M., Keng, C.L., Alwi, S.S.R.S. & Subramaniam,
S. 2011. Seed histology of recalcitrant Eurycoma longifoliaplants during germination and its
beneficial attribute for hairy roots production. Journal of Medicinal
Plants Research 5(1): 93-98.
De Klerk, G.J. & Ter Brugge, J. 2011. Micropropagation of dahlia in static liquid medium using slow-release tools of
medium ingredients. Scientia Horticulturae127(4):
542-547.
Etienne, H. & Berthouly, M. 2002. Temporary immersion systems in plant micropropagation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ
Culture 69: 215-231.
Gatica-Arias, A. & Weber, G. 2013. Genetic transformation of hop (Humulus lupulusL. cv. Tettnanger)
by particle bombardment and plant regeneration using a temporary immersion
system. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 49(6):
656-664.
Guan, H. & De Klerk, G.J. 2000. Stem segments of apple microcuttings take up auxin
predominantly via the cut surface and not via the epidermal surface. Scientia Horticulturae86(1):
23-32.
Hassan, N.H., Abdullah, R., Kiong, L.S.,
Ahmad, A.R., Abdullah, N., Zainudin, F., Ismail, H.
& Rahman, S.S.A. 2012. Micropropagation and production of eurycomanone, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one in
roots of Eurycoma longifolia plantlets. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(26):
6818-6825.
Hajjouli, S., Chateauvieux, S., Teiten, M.H., Orlikova, B.,
Schumacher, M., Dicato, M., Choo, C.Y. & Diederich, M. 2014. Eurycomanone and eurycomanol from Eurycoma longifoliaJack as regulators of signaling
pathways involved in proliferation, cell death and inflammation. Molecules 19(9): 14649-14666.
Hernández, I., Cuenca, B., Carneros, E.,
Alonso-Blazquez, N., Ruiz, M., Celestino,
C., Ocana, L., Alegre, J. & Toribio,
M. 2011. Application of plant regeneration of
selected cork oak trees by somatic embryogenesis to implement multivarietal forestry for cork production. Tree and
Forestry Science and Biotechnology 5(Special Issue 1): 19-26.
Hussein, S., Ibrahim, R., Kiong, A.L.P., Fadzillah, N.M.
& Daud, S.K. 2005. Micropropagation of Eurycoma longifoliaJack
via formation of somatic embryogenesis. Asian Journal of Plant
Sciences 4(5): 472-485.
Jimenez, E., Perez, N., Feria, M. De., Barbon,
R., Capote, A., Chavez, M., Quiala, E. & Perez,
J.C. 1999. Improved production
of potato microtubers using a temporary immersion
system. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 59: 19-23.
Kavitha, N., Noordin,
R., Chan, K.L. & Sasidharan, S. 2012. In vitro anti-toxoplasma gondii activity of root extract/fractions of Eurycoma longifoliaJack. BMC Complementary and
Alternative Medicine 12(1): 91.
Keng, C.L., Wei, A.S. & Bhatt, A. 2010. Elicitation effect on cell biomass and
production of alkaloids in cell suspension culture of the tropical tree Eurycoma longifolia. Research Journal of the Costa Rican Distance Education University 2(2):
239-244.
Keng, C.L., Sai, S.T. & Teo, C.K.H.
2002. A preliminary study on the germination of Eurycoma longifoliaJack (Tongkat Ali) seeds. Pertanika Journal of Tropical
Agricultural Science 25(1): 27-34.
Khari, N., Aisha, A.F.A. & Ismail, Z. 2014. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for the
quantification of eurycomanone in Eurycoma longifoliaJack (Simaroubaceae)
extracts and their commercial products. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical
Research 13(5): 801-807.
Kuo, P.C., Damu, A.G., Lee, K.H. & Wu,
T.S. 2004. Cytotoxic and antimalarial
constituents from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Bioorganic & Medicinal
Chemistry 12(3): 537- 544.
Li, C.H., Liao, J.W., Liao, P.L., Huang, W.K., Tse,
L.S., Lin, C.H., Kang, J.J. & Cheng, Y.W. 2013. Evaluation of acute 13-week subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity of the powdered root of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013:
Article ID. 102987.
Ling, A.P.K., Phua, G.A.T., Tee, C.S.
& Hussein, S. 2010. Optimization of protoplast isolation protocols from
callus of Eurycoma longifolia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(17): 1778-1785.
Mallón, R., Covelo, P. & Vieitez, A.M.
2011. Improving secondary embryogenesis in Quercus robur:
Application of temporary immersion for mass propagation. Trees 26(3):
731-741.
Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. 1962. A
revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum15:
473-497.
Niemenak, N., Saare-Surminski, K., Rohsius, C., Ndoumou, D.O. & Lieberei, R. 2008. Regeneration of somatic embryos in Theobroma cacao L. in
temporary immersion bioreactor and analyses of free amino acids in different
tissues. Plant Cell Reports 27(4): 667-676.
Paek, K.Y., Chakrabarty, D. & Hahn, E.J.
2005. Application of bioreactor systems for large
scale production of horticultural and medicinal plants. Plant Cell,
Tissue and Organ Culture 81(3): 287-300.
Panjaitan, R.G.P., Handharyani, E., Chairul & Manalu, W. 2013. Hepatoprotective activity of Eurycoma longifoliaJack
roots. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 12(4): 225-230.
Pérez, M., Bueno, M.A., Escalona, M., Toorop, P., Rodríguez, R. & Cañal,
M.J. 2013. Temporary immersion
systems (RITA®) for the improvement of cork oak somatic embryogenic
culture proliferation and somatic embryo production. Trees 27(5):
1277-1284.
Polzin, F., Sylvestre, I., Déchamp,
E., Ilbert, P., Etienne, H. & Engelmann, F. 2014. Effect of activated charcoal on multiplication
of African yam (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) nodal segments using a temporary
immersion bioreactor (RITA®). In Vitro Cellular &
Developmental Biology - Plant 50: 210-216.
Radhakrishnan, N. & Safinar, I.I. 2015. Cosmetic potential of Southeast Asian herbs: An overview. Phytochemistry Reviews 14: 419-428.
Roels, S., Escalona,
M., Cejas, I., Noceda, C.,
Rodriguez, R., Canal, M.J., Sandoval, J. & Debergh,
P. 2005. Optimization of plantain (Musa AAB) micropropagation by temporary immersion system. Plant
Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 82(1): 57-66.
Schönherr, J. 2006. Characterization of aqueous pores in plant cuticles and permeation
of ionic solutes. Journal of Experimental Botany 57(11):
2471-2491.
Talbott, S.M., Talbott, J.A., George, A. &
Pugh, M. 2013. Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state
in moderately stressed subjects. Journal of the International Society of
Sports Nutrition 10(1): 28.
Teisson, C. & Alvard, D. 1999. In vitro production of potato microtubers in liquid medium using temporary immersion. Potato Research 42: 499-504.
Varghese, C.P., Ambrose, C., Jin, S.C.,
Lim, Y.J. & Keisaban, T. 2013. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Eurycoma longifoliaJack,
a traditional medicinal plant in Malaysia. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 5(4): 1875-1878.
Watt, M.P. 2012. The
status of temporary immersion system (TIS) technology for plant micropropagation. African Journal of
Biotechnology 11(76): 14025-14035.
Wilken, D., Jiménez Gonzalez, E., Gerth,
A., Gómez-Kosky, R., Schumann, A. & Claus, D. 2014. Effect of immersion systems, lighting, and TIS
designs on biomass increase in micropropagating banana (Musa spp. cv. “Grande naine”
AAA). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 50(5):
582-589.
Wong, P.F., Cheong, W.F., Shu, M.H., Teh,
C.H., Chan, K.L. & AbuBakar, S. 2012. Eurycomanone suppresses expression of lung cancer cell
tumor markers, prohibitin, annexin 1 and endoplasmic reticulum protein 28. Phytomedicine:
International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology19(2): 138-144.
Zakaria, Y., Rahmat, A., Pihie,
A.H.L., Abdullah, N.R. & Houghton, P.J. 2009. Eurycomanone induce apoptosis in HepG2
cells via up-regulation of p53. Cancer Cell International 9: 16.
Zawawi, D.D., Ja’afar, H., Zainuddin,
R., Kari, R. & Mohd, N.M. 2015. Thidiazuron induces high frequency
direct somatic embryogenesis growth from cotyledon culture of Eurycoma longifolia. Sains Malaysiana44(7):
913-920.
*Corresponding author; email: nadiawati@unisza.edu.my
|
|||
|
