Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1659–1665

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-39

 

As-spun Bio-novolac Fibre Morphological Study based on Resin’s Physico-chemical Properties

(Kajian Morfologi Gentian Bio-novolak Licin dan Nipis berdasarkan Sifat Fiziko-kimia Resin)

SITI NOORUL AINA AB RAHIM¹, SARANI ZAKARIA^1*, SHARIFAH NABIHAH SYED JAAFAR¹, CHIN HUA CHIA¹, RASIDI ROSLAN², HATIKA KACO¹ & SINYEE GAN¹

 

¹Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak

26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

 

Received: 19 December 2016/Accepted: 17 March 2017

 

ABSTRACT

Bio-novolac fibre made from phenol-formaldehyde derived oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was produced using electrospinning method. The bio-novolac phenol-formaldehyde was prepared via liquefaction and resinification at two different molar ratios of formaldehyde to liquefied EFB (LEFB) (F:LEFB = 0.5:1 and 0.8:1). Electrospinning was applied to the bio-novolac phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) in order to form smooth and thin as-spun fibre. The BPF was electrospun at 15 kV and 15 cm distance between needle and collector at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/h. At lower molecular weight of BPF resin, beads formation was observed. The addition of poly(vinyl) butyral (Mw = 175,000 - 250,000) has improved the fibre formation with lesser beads hence produced more fibre. Polymer solution with higher molecular weight produced better quality fibre.

 

Keywords: Electrospinning; molecular weight; oil palm empty fruit bunch; phenolic resin; poly(vinyl) butyral

 

ABSTRAK

Gentian bio-novolak yang dihasilkan menggunakan fenol-formaldehid terbitan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) telah dihasilkan menggunakan kaedah elektroputaran. Bio-novolak fenol-formaldehid telah disediakan melalui pencecairan dan resinifikasi pada dua nisbah molar berbeza iaitu formaldehid kepada TKKS Tercecair (TKKST) (F:TKKST = 0.5:1 dan 0.8:1). Kaedah elektroputaran telah digunakan pada resin bio-novolak fenol-formaldehid (BFF) bagi membentuk gentian licin dan nipis. BFF telah dielektroputaran pada voltan 15 kV dengan jarak 15 cm antara jarum dan pemungut pada kadar aliran 0.5 mL/jam. Pada berat molekul resin BFF lebih rendah, pembentukan manik dapat diperhatikan. Penambahan poli (vinil) butiral (Mw = 175,000 - 250,000) telah menambah baik pembentukan gentian dengan kehadiran manik yang berkurang. Larutan polimer dengan berat molekul yang lebih tinggi telah menghasilkan gentian yang lebih berkualiti.

 

Keywords: Berat molekul; elektroputaran; poli(vinil) butiral; resin fenolik; tandan kosong kelapa sawit

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*Corresponding author; email: szakaria@ukm.edu.my