Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018): 2421–2428

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-18

 

Antihypertensive Effect of Piper sarmentosum in L- NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats

(Kesan Antihipertensi Piper sarmentosum pada Tikus Hipertensi Aruhan L-NAME)

 

NIK ALOESNISA NIK MOHD ALWI^1,3, ZAITON ZAKARIA¹, AMINUDDIN ABDUL HAMID KARIM², NOR ANITA MEGAT MOHD NORDIN¹ & AZIZAH UGUSMAN^1*

 

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

²Physiology Unit, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

³Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

 

Received: 25 March 2018/Accepted: 6 June 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and has been associated with about 13% of global deaths worldwide. Oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and subsequently hypertension. Nɷ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) inhibits NO synthesis; leading to hypertension. Piper sarmentosum (PS) is an herb with antioxidant, antiatherosclerosis and antiinflammation properties. PS also stimulated NO production by endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aqueous extract of Piper sarmentosum (AEPS) on blood pressure, oxidative stress and the level of nitric oxide in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced by oral administration of L-NAME (100 mg/L) in drinking water for four weeks. The rats were concurrently treated with AEPS by oral gavage in serial doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day). Blood pressure was measured using non-invasive tail-cuff method at baseline and fortnightly thereafter. Serum level of NO and an oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at baseline and at the end of treatment. The results showed that treatment with three different doses of AEPS successfully reduced systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and mean arterial pressure (p<0.05) in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Treatment with AEPS also reduced MDA level (p<0.001) and increased serum NO (p<0.001) in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. The findings showed that AEPS decreased blood pressure by protecting against oxidative stress and increasing NO in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

 

Keywords: Hypertension; nitric oxide; Nɷ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride; oxidative stress; Piper sarmentosum

 

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan ia dikaitkan dengan kira-kira 13% kematian di seluruh dunia. Stres oksidatif dan pengurangan ketersediaan biologi nitrik oksida (NO) menyumbang kepada terjadinya disfungsi endotelium yang seterusnya menyebabkan hipertensi. Nɷ-nitro-L-arginina metil ester hidroklorida (L-NAME) merencat sintesis NO dan menyebabkan hipertensi. Piper sarmentosum (PS) adalah herba yang mempunyai sifat antioksidan, antiaterosklerosis dan antiinflamasi. PS juga merangsang pengeluaran NO oleh sel endotelium. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kesan ekstrak akueus Piper sarmentosum (AEPS) terhadap tekanan darah, stres oksidatif dan aras nitrik oksida dalam tikus hipertensi aruhan L-NAME. Hipertensi diaruh dengan pemberian L-NAME (100 mg/L) secara oral di dalam air minuman selama empat minggu. Dalam masa yang sama, rawatan tikus dengan AEPS turut diberi serentak melalui gavaj oral dalam dos bersiri (125, 250 dan 500 mg/kg/hari). Tekanan darah diukur menggunakan kaedah kuf ekor tidak invasif sebelum rawatan dimulakan dan setiap dua minggu selepas itu. Aras serum NO dan penanda stres oksidatif, malondialdehida (MDA) diukur sebelum uji kaji dimulakan dan selepas rawatan tamat. Keputusan menunjukkan rawatan dengan tiga dos AEPS yang berbeza berjaya menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik (p<0.001), tekanan darah diastolik (p<0.05) dan tekanan arteri purata (p<0.05) dalam tikus hipertensi aruhan L-NAME. AEPS juga menurunkan aras MDA (p<0.01) dan meningkatkan aras NO (p<0.001) dalam serum tikus hipertensi aruhan L-NAME. Keputusan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahawa AEPS berupaya menurunkan tekanan darah dengan mengurangkan stres oksidatif dan meningkatkan aras NO pada tikus hipertensi aruhan L-NAME.

 

Kata kunci: Hipertensi; nitrik oksida; Nɷ-nitro-L-arginina metil ester hidroklorida; Piper sarmentosum; stres oksidatif

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*Corresponding author; email: dr.azizah@ppukm.ukm.edu.my