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http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4712-10
Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Promotes Neurite Outgrowth
via Ten-4 Dependent and Independent Mechanisms in Neuro2a Cells
(Ekstrak Biji Mucuna pruriens Menggalakkan
Pertumbuhan Neurit melalui Mekanisme
Pergantungan Ten-4 dan Mekanisme Bebas Ten-4
dalam Sel Neuro2a)
SUTIN WANSAWAT1, MANI
IYER PRASANTH2, CIRO ISIDORO3 & TEWIN TENCOMNAO1,2*
1Clinical Biochemistry
and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied
Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
2Age-related Inflammation
and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of
Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
3Laboratory of Molecular
Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del
Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
Received: 30 May 2018/Accepted:
18 September 2018
ABSTRACT
Neurological diseases are one of the
serious health hazards faced by mankind for decades. Neurite outgrowth
is a key factor responsible for proper neuronal development. Any
misplacement in the process could lead to neurological diseases
like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Treatment with the available synthetic
drugs imparts many difficulties to the patients due to the side
effects. Compounds from natural sources can be considered as an
effective replacement for this. Mucuna pruriens,
used in traditional ayurvedic medicine, contains L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA)
in its seeds, which possesses medicinal effects against neurological
diseases. In this regard, seed extracts of M. pruriens originated
from Thailand and India, were analyzed
for their neuroprotective effects in Neuro2a cells. Hexane, ethyl
acetate and ethanol extracts were found to be non-toxic to the viability
of the cells. Ethanol extracts of M. pruriens of Thai origin
(MTE), hexane extracts of M.
pruriens of Indian origin (MIH) and ethyl acetate extracts
of M. pruriens of Indian origin (MIEA) were able to induce neurite
outgrowth in Neuro2a cells. Interestingly, both MTE and
MIH
induced neurite outgrowth dependent on Teneurin-4
(Ten-4) transmembrane protein whereas MIEA did the same independent
of Ten-4, which was confirmed by real time PCR and
gene silencing approach. The present study suggested that M.
pruriens can be used as a potential drug in the treatment of
neurological diseases as it can induce neurite outgrowth by multiple
mechanisms, which will be of great use in the field of medicine.
Keywords: Neurite outgrowth; neuro2a
cells; neurodegenerative diseases; Ten-4
ABSTRAK
Penyakit neurologi
adalah salah satu penyakit serius yang dihadapi oleh manusia selama
beberapa dekad. Pertumbuhan neurit merupakan
faktor utama yang bertanggungjawab untuk perkembangan neuron yang
betul. Sebarang kesilapan dalam proses tersebut boleh membawa
kepada penyakit neurologi seperti Alzheimer dan Parkinson. Rawatan
dengan ubatan sintetik sedia ada memberikan banyak kesulitan kepada
pesakit akibat kesan sampingan. Sebatian
daripada sumber semula jadi boleh dianggap sebagai pengganti berkesan
untuk ini. Biji Mucuna pruriens
yang digunakan dalam perubatan tradisi ayurveda, mengandungi
L-3,4-dihidroksi fenilalanina (L-DOPA)
yang mempunyai kesan perubatan terhadap penyakit neurologi. Dalam
hal ini, ekstrak biji benih daripada M. pruriens yang berasal
dari Thailand dan India, dianalisis untuk kesan neuroperlindungan
di dalam sel Neuro2a. Ekstrak heksana, etil asetat dan etanol didapati
tidak toksik kepada kebolehidupan sel-sel.
Ekstrak etanol M. pruriens Thailand (MTE),
ekstrak heksana dari M. pruriens India (MIH)
dan ekstrak etil asetat dari M. pruriens India (MIEA)
dapat mendorong pertumbuhan neurit dalam sel Neuro2a. Kedua-dua
MTE
dan MIH yang menggalakkan pertumbuhan neurit
bergantung kepada protein transmembran Teneurin-4 (Ten-4) manakala
MIEA
tidak bergantung pada Ten-4. Ini telah disahkan
menggunakan PCR dan pendekatan penyenyapan gen. Kajian ini menunjukkan
bahawa M. pruriens boleh digunakan sebagai ubat berpotensi
dalam merawat penyakit neurologi kerana ia dapat mendorong pertumbuhan
neurit melalui pelbagai mekanisme, yang dapat digunakan dengan baik
dalam bidang perubatan.
Kata
kunci: Penyakit 'neurodegenerative'; pertumbuhan neurit; sel Neuro2a;
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*Corresponding author; email: tewin.t@chula.ac.th
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