Sains Malaysiana 47(1)(2018): 131–140

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-16

A Randomized Control Trial of Smoking Cessation Interventions Conducted by Dentists

(Percubaan Klinikal Terkawal Rawak Intervensi Berhenti Merokok oleh Doktor Pergigian)

NURUL ASYIKIN YAHYA^1*, ROSLAN SAUB² & MARIANI MOHD NOR³

¹Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Department of Education Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 29 November 2016/Accepted: 5 June 2017

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the 5A’s smoking cessation intervention (5A’s) to that of brief advice (BA) conducted by dentists. A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of the interventions. Six Dental Public Health specialists were recruited, randomized and trained to participate in this trial. Two hundred and fifty patients were required on both arms. The main outcome measures were biochemically validated self-reported abstinence and behaviour change at 6-months follow-up. The odd of quitters in 5A’s intervention was 3.81 (95% CI: 1.87-7.76; p= 0.00) times higher compared to BA. After controlling other factors, the odds ratio for the 5A’s was 1.90 (95% CI: 0.652-5.547; p=0.24) higher compared to BA. The 5A’s was found to be more effective in initiating positive behaviour change compared to BA. However, after controlling other factors, there was no difference in the effectiveness although the odds ratio was slightly higher in 5A’s.

Keywords: Brief advice; dentists; smoking cessation; tobacco cessation

ABSTRAK

Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan intervensi berhenti merokok 5A’s (5A’s) berbanding nasihat ringkas (BA) yang disampaikan oleh doktor pergigian dalam klinik pergigian. Satu percubaan klinikal terkawal rawak untuk membandingkan keberkesanan 5A’s berbanding BA. Enam pakar Kesihatan Awam Pergigian telah dikenal pasti secara rawak dan dilatih untuk mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Dua ratus lima puluh pesakit diperlukan untuk setiap intervensi. Keputusan utama kajian adalah berhenti merokok yang disahkan secara biokimia dan perubahan tingkah laku pada rawatan susulan selepas 6 bulan. Dalam ujian klinikal, nisbah kemungkinan pesakit yang berhenti merokok dalam 5A’s adalah 3.81 (95% CI: 1,871-7, 76; p= 0.00) kali lebih tinggi berbanding BA. Selepas mengawal faktor lain, nisbah kemungkinan bagi 5A’s adalah 1.90 (95% CI: 0,652-5,547; p=0.24) lebih tinggi berbanding BA. 5A’s didapati lebih berkesan dalam memulakan perubahan tingkah laku positif berbanding BA. Walau bagaimanapun, selepas mengawal faktor lain, tidak ada perbezaan dalam keberkesanan walaupun nisbah kemungkinan yang lebih tinggi sedikit pada 5’As.

Kata kunci: Berhenti merokok; berhenti tembakau; doktor pergigian; nasihat ringkas

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*Corresponding author; email: nurulasyikin@ukm.edu.my