Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1123–1129

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-07

Effects of Soaking in Glycerol and Conventional Solvents on the Grinding of Kempas Wood (Koompassia malaccensis)

(Kesan Rendaman dalam Gliserol dan Pelarut Konvensional pada Pengisaran Kayu Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis))

POH LEE LOH, NOOR AZLINA ABDUL GHANI, NABILAH SUHAILI, ZETTY SHAFIQA OTHMAN, MUHAMMAD RAHIMI YUSOP, RIZAFIZAH OTHAMAN & NUR HASYAREEDA HASSAN*

School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia

Received: 30 August 2017/Accepted: 29 December 2017

ABSTRACT

Glycerol, the main by-product in biodiesel manufacturing, is a useful and environment-friendly solvent for many organic and inorganic substrates. This study investigates the effects of soaking using glycerol, silicone oil, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Organosolv (1:1 water: ethanol) on energy consumption in the process of grinding kempas wood and on the particle size of ground kempas. Kempas wood chips were soaked in various solvents at 90°C for 1 h. The structural characterisation of untreated and treated kempas was analysed using CHNS, ATR-FTIR and XRD. Meanwhile, the grinding energy was calculated based on power per unit time while particle size was analysed using nested column sieves. Glycerol has high stability, good compatibility with other chemicals and is environmentally friendly. Glycerol-soaked kempas consumed less energy which led to energy saving of up to 0.015 W h and exhibited the smallest average particle size (263 μm) close to that of untreated kempas due to glycerol lubricating properties. Therefore, glycerol can be used as an alternative to conventional solvents in reducing the grinding energy consumption and particle size of lignocellulosic biomass.

Keywords: Glycerol; grinding energy;kempas woods; lignocellulose biomass; Organosolv

ABSTRAK

Gliserol, hasil sampingan utama dalam pembuatan biodiesel merupakan pelarut berguna dan mesra alam bagi kebanyakan substrat organik dan bukan organik. Kajian ini mengkaji kesan perendaman menggunakan gliserol, minyak silikon, dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) dan Organosolv (1:1 air: etanol) terhadap penggunaan tenaga dalam proses pengisaran kayu kempas dan saiz zarah kempas kisaran. Serpihan kayu kempas direndam dalam pelbagai pelarut pada suhu 90°C selama 1 jam. Pencirian struktur ke atas kempas tidak dirawat dan dirawat dianalisis menggunakan CHNS, ATR-FTIR dan XRD. Manakala tenaga kisaran dikira berdasarkan kuasa per unit masa dan saiz zarah dianalisis menggunakan penapis kolum bersarang. Gliserol mempunyai kestabilan yang tinggi, keserasian yang baik dengan bahan kimia lain dan mesra alam. Kempas yang direndam dalam gliserol menggunakan tenaga yang lebih rendah dan membawa kepada penjimatan tenaga sehingga 0.015W h dan mempamerkan purata saiz zarah yang paling kecil (263 μm) yang sangat hampir dengan kempas yang tidak dirawat disebabkan oleh sifat pelincir gliserol. Oleh itu, gliserol boleh digunakan sebagai pelarut alternatif kepada pelarut konvensional dalam mengurangkan penggunaan tenaga kisaran dan saiz zarah biojisim lignoselulosa.

Kata kunci: Biojisim lignoselulosa; gliserol; kayu kempas; Organosolv; tenaga kisaran

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*Corresponding author; email: syareeda@ukm.edu.my