Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1147–1155

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-10

Effect of Plasma Treatment (He/CH₄) on the Glass Surface for the Reduction of Powder Flux Adhesion in the Spray Drying Process

(Kesan Rawatan Plasma (He/CH₄) terhadap Permukaan Kaca untuk Pengurangan Serbuk Lekatan Fluks di dalam Proses Penyemburan Pengeringan)

NADIAH RAMLAN¹, NAZIRAH WAHIDAH MOHD ZAMRI¹, MOHAMAD YUSOF MASKAT¹, MOHD SUZEREN MD JAMIL¹, CHIN OI HOONG², LAU YEN THENG²

& SAIFUL IRWAN ZUBAIRI^1*

¹School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Plasma Technology Research Centre, Physics Department, Universiti Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 25 September 2017/Accepted: 5 February 2018

ABSTRACT

A 50Hz glow discharge He/CH₄ plasma was generated and applied for the glass surface modification to reduce the powder adhesion on wall of spray dryer. The hydrophobicity of the samples determined by the water droplet contact angle and adhesion weight on glass, dependent on the CH₄ flow rate and plasma exposure time. The presence of CH₃ groups and higher surface roughness of the plasma treated glass were the factors for its hydrophobicity development. Response surface methodology (RSM) results using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) showed that optimal responses were obtained by the combination of parameters, CH₄ gas flow rate = 3 sccm and exposure time = 10 min. In optimum conditions, the contact angle increased by 47% and the weight of the adhesion reduced by 38% (w/w). The plasma treatment could enhance the value of the contact angle and thus reduced the adhesion on the spray dryer glass surface.

Keywords: Flux adhesion; hydrophobic; plasma treatment; powder; spray dryer; surface treatment

ABSTRAK

Pelepasan cahaya 50Hz plasma He/CH₄ dijana dan digunakan pada modifikasi permukaan kaca untuk mengurangkan lekatan serbuk pada dinding penyembur pengering. Hidrofobisiti sampel ditentukan oleh sudut sentuh titisan air dan pemberat lekatan pada kaca, bergantung kepada kadar pengaliran CH₄ dan tempoh dedahan plasma. Kehadiran kumpulan CH₃ dan kekasaran permukaan plasma yang lebih tinggi dengan rawatan kaca adalah faktor kepada pembentukan hidrofobisitinya. Keputusan kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM) menggunakan reka bentuk berputar komposit berpusat (CCRD) menunjukkan bahawa respons optimum diperoleh daripada kombinasi parameter, kadar pengaliran gas CH₄ = 3 sccm dan tempoh dedahan = 10 minit. Dalam keadaan optimum, sudut sentuh meningkat sebanyak 47% dan pemberat lekatan dikurangkan sebanyak 38% (w/w). Rawatan plasma boleh meningkatkan nilai sudut sentuh dan seterusnya mengurangkan lekatan pada permukaan kaca penyembur pengering.

Kata kunci: Hidrofobik; lekatan fluks; penyembur pengering; rawatan permukaan; rawatan plasma

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*Corresponding author; email: saiful-z@ukm.edu.my