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Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1227–1234
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-18
Najis
(Tinja) Manusia daripada Perspektif Sains dan Islam serta Amalan Pemakanan
Sunnah
(Human Stool
from Science and Islam Perspective and Sunnah Dietary Practices)
MOHD IZHAR
ARIFF
MOHD
KASHIM1*,
NUR
ASMADAYANA
HASIM2,4,
RIZAFIZAH
OTHAMAN3,
ROZIDA
KHALID3,
MUHAMMAD
ADIB
SAMSUDIN2,
MOHAMMAD
ZAINI
YAHAYA2,
ZAHARA
ABDUL MANAF5, LATIFAH AMIN2,4
1Jabatan Syariah,
Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Institut Islam
Hadhari, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Pusat Pengajian Sains
Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4Pusat
Citra Universiti, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
5Pusat
Sains Jagaan Kesihatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan
Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
6Kolej
Permata Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai,
71800 Nilai, Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia
Received:
27 July 2017/Accepted: 5 February 2018
ABSTRAK
Islam merupakan satu agama yang menitikberatkan
kesihatan manusia termasuklah sistem pencernaan manusia. Najis (tinja) manusia yang
dibincangkan dalam kajian ini merupakan hasil buangan manusia yang menjadi
salah satu kaedah untuk melihat sudut kesihatan manusia. Objektif penyelidikan ini ialah untuk mengkaji fizikokimia dan
ciri-ciri najis serta kegunaannya daripada perspektif sains dan sudut pandangan
Islam terutamanya mengenai diet yang diamalkan oleh Rasulullah SAW. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan ulasan literatur
secara deskriptif. Kajian mendapati bahawa sistem
pencernaan merupakan satu sistem yang rumit. Tinja terdiri daripada 75%
air dan 25% bahan pepejal serta ciri-ciri tinja seperti bentuk, warna dan bau
memberi kesan kepada kesihatan manusia. Daripada sudut Islam warna, bau dan
rasa tinja merupakan perkara asas yang dititikberatkan semasa proses
pembersihan najis terutamanya bagi memulakan sesuatu ibadah. Selain
itu, diet, senaman, umur dan jantina merupakan faktor-faktor yang membezakan
jenis tinja bagi setiap individu. Malah, kajian ini
juga merungkai beberapa alternatif yang kini diguna pakai bagi mengurus
najis-najis manusia dalam menjamin kesihatan dan pemeliharaan alam sekitar. Kajian ini kemudiannya mengupas diet makanan-makanan sunnah yang terdapat di dalam Al-Quran dan hadis yang terbukti kaya dengan serat dan
sihat untuk manusia terutamanya bagi sistem pencernaan manusia. Oleh itu, najis
(tinja) manusia daripada sudut sains mampu menggambarkan kesihatan seseorang
dan amalan diet makanan-makanan sunnah sangat baik
dalam memelihara sistem pencernaan manusia.
Kata kunci: Al-Quran dan hadis; kegunaan najis; kesihatan manusia;
makanan sunnah; najis (tinja) manusia
ABSTRACT
Islam is a religion that emphasizes human health including the
human digestive system. The human stool (stool) discussed in this study is a
human waste which is one of the way to look at human health. The objectives of
this research were to study the physiochemical and characteristics of stool and
its usefulness from the perspective of science while the diet used by
Rasulullah SAW is been described from the Islam perspective. The
research was conducted using descriptive literature review. It was found that the
digestive system is a complicated system. The stools is made up of 75% of water
and 25% of solid materials and the characteristics of stools such as form,
color and odor can affect human health. From the Islam perspectives, color,
odor and taste are the fundamental factors need to be emphasized during the
process of stool’s cleansing especially before religious rituals begin. In
addition, diet, exercise, age and gender are the factors that differentiate the
type of human stool. In fact, this study also stated some of the alternatives
that are currently used to manage stools in maintaining health and
environmental protection. This study then examined the diet of sunnah’s foods called in the Qur’an and the hadith which is
proven to be rich in fiber and nutritious especially for the human digestive
system. Therefore, the stools from the perspective of science are capable in
describing human health and the diet of sunnah’s food
is very good for the human digestive system.
Keywords: Characteristic of stool; human health;
human stool (stool); Qur’an and Hadith; sunnah’s food
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*Corresponding
author; email: izhar@ukm.edu.my
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