Sains Malaysiana 48(12)(2019): 2717–2725

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4812-13

Pulmonary Fungal Co-Infection Prevalence among Iranian Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(Kelaziman Jangkitan Bersama Kulat Pulmonari dalam Kalangan Pesakit Iran dengan Batuk Kering Pulmonari: Suatu Ulasan Sistematik dan Metaanalisis)

HAMED MORTAZAVI¹, MEHRAN GHAZALIBINA², SHAMSEDDIN MANSOURI³, AZAD KHALEDI^4,5* & EHSAN SABURI⁶

¹Geriatric Care Research Center, Department of Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I.R. Iran

²Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran

³Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran

⁴Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran

⁵Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran

⁶Bu-Ali Research Institute, Department of Immunogenetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran

Received: 13 May 2019/Accepted: 7 October 2019

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is further aggravated if it is accompanied with fungal co-infection. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary fungal co-infection among Iranian patients with pulmonary TB using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The present study was a review of cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of pulmonary fungal co-colonization among Iranian patients with pulmonary TB with regard to the PRISMA Protocol. To this end, the articles published online in English and Persian were searched on the main databases and gateways such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, Magiran, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Databases. The reviews of the literatures published online from 2000 to the end of 2018 were included in the study. The keywords used for searching through the databases were pulmonary fungal co-infection with pulmonary TB, pulmonary mycosis co-infection with pulmonary TB, pulmonary fungal colonization/agents with pulmonary TB, AND Iran. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The analyses showed that the prevalence of fungal co-infection among patients with pulmonary TB varied from 12.3-68.8%, and that the combined prevalence of fungal co-infection among patients with pulmonary TB was 17.4%. Amongst the fungi involved in co-infection with TB, Candida spp. was the most predominant with the prevalence of 6.9%, followed by Aspergillus spp. (3.2%). Moreover, the highest prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was observed for Aspergillus fumigatus (1.6%). The most frequent Candida spp. was Candida albicans with a frequency of 6%. The findings showed that the combined prevalence of fungal co-infection among Iranian patients with pulmonary TB was high. In this regard, among the fungi involved in co-infection with TB, Candida spp. was the most frequent.

Keywords: Aspergillus spp.; Candida spp.; co-infection; pulmonary tuberculosis

ABSTRAK

Batuk kering (TB) menjadi bertambah teruk jika ia diiringi dengan jangkitan bersama kulat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kelaziman jangkitan bersama kulat dalam kalangan pesakit Iran dengan TB pulmonari menggunakan ulasan sistematik dan metaanalisis. Kajian semasa ini adalah penyemakan semula kajian keratan lintang mengenai kelaziman pengkolonian bersama kulat dalam kalangan pesakit Iran dengan TB pulmonari berkaitan dengan protokol PRISMA. Sehingga kini, kertas yang diterbitkan secara atas talian dalam Bahasa Inggeris dan Parsi telah dicari di pangkalan data utama dan get laluan seperti Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, Magiran, Irandoc serta Pangkalan Data Maklumat Saintifik. Ulasan daripada kajian kepustakawan yang diterbitkan secara atas talian dari tahun 2000 hingga akhir 2018 telah dimasukkan dalam kajian. Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk mencari melalui pangkalan data adalah jangkitan bersama kulat pulmonari dengan TB pulmonari, jangkitan bersama mikosis pulmonari dengan TB pulmonari, pengkolonian/agen kulat pulmonari dengan TB pulmonari DAN Iran. Akhirnya, data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perisian metaanalisis yang komprehensif. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahawa kelaziman jangkitan bersama kulat dalam kalangan pesakit dengan TB pulmonari berjulat antara 12.3-68.8% dan gabungan kelaziman untuk jangkitan bersama kulat dalam kalangan pesakit dengan TB pulmonari adalah 17.4%. Antara kulat yang terlibat dalam jangkitan bersama TB ialah Candida spp. - paling pradominan dengan kelaziman 6.9%, diikuti oleh Aspergillus spp. (3.2%). Selain itu, kelaziman tertinggi Aspergillus spp. telah diperhatikan pada Aspergillus fumigatus (1.6%). Candida spp. yang paling kerap ditemui adalah Candida albicans dengan kekerapan 6%. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kelaziman jangkitan bersama kulat dalam kalangan pesakit Iran dengan TB pulmonari adalah tinggi. Dalam hal ini, antara kulat yang terlibat dalam jangkitan bersama TB, Candida spp. adalah yang paling kerap.

Kata kunci: Aspergillus spp.; batuk kering pulmonari; Candida spp.; jangkitan bersama

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*Corresponding author; email: azadkh99@gmail.com