Sains Malaysiana 48(1)(2019): 7–13

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4801-02

Effects of Lignosulfonates on Callus Proliferation and Shoot Induction of Recalcitrant Indica Rice

(Kesan Lignosulfonat ke atas Proliferasi Kalus dan Induksi Tunas Beras Indica Rekalsitran)

LEE-YOON LOW¹, JANNA ONG ABDULLAH¹, CHIEN-YEONG WEE², ROGAYAH SEKELI², CHUN-KEAT TAN³, JIUN-YAN LOH⁴ & KOK-SONG LAI¹*

¹Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Agro-Biotechnology Institute Malaysia (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), c/o MARDI Headquarters, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Functional Food Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Height, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Received: 2 February 2018/Accepted: 24 August 2018

ABSTRACT

In vitro culture of recalcitrant indica rice cultivar through intervening callus is difficult due to long regeneration period. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the growth promoting effects of lignosulfonate (LS) on callus proliferation and shoot induction of Malaysian recalcitrant indica rice cv. MR219. LS is a by-product of wood industry, commonly used as a plant growth enhancer. Seed derived calli were proliferated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different ion-chelated LS (calcium LS: CaLS and sodium LS: NaLS) at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L. MS supplemented with 100 mg/L CaLS significantly increased the callus proliferation rate and adventitious root formation. In shoot induction study, both LSs did not enhance the shoot induction efficiency as compared to the control. However, the formation of albino shoot increased in MS fortified with 100 mg/L CaLS. Further chlorophyll and molecular analyses showed that, albino shoots induced from 100 mg/L CaLS had severe reduction in total chlorophyll content and expression of both chlorophyll-associated genes, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 1 (OsCAB1R) and young seedling albino (OsYSA). Taken together, LS improves callus proliferation rate and modulate different physiological responses during plant growth of recalcitrant indica rice.

Keywords: Albino; callus proliferation; indica cv. MR219; lignosulfonate; regeneration

ABSTRAK

Pengkulturan kultivar beras indica rekalsitran secara in vitro melalui kalus intervensi adalah sukar kerana tempoh regenerasinya yang panjang. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai kesan lignosulfonat (LS) terhadap proliferasi kalus dan induksi tunas beras indica rekalsitran Malaysia cv. MR219. LS adalah produk sampingan daripada industri kayu yang biasanya digunakan sebagai perangsang pertumbuhan tumbuhan dalam baja. Kalus diperoleh daripada biji diproliferasi atas medium Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang ditambah dengan pengikat ion LS (kalsium LS: CaLS dan natrium LS: NaLS) pada kepekatan 50, 100, 150 dan 200 mg/L. MS yang ditambah dengan 100 mg/L CaLS didapati meningkatkan kadar perkembangan kalus dan pembentukan akar serabut. Dalam kajian induksi tunas, kedua-dua LSs tidak meningkatkan kecekapan induksi berbanding dengan kawalan. Walau bagaimanapun, penghasilan albino meningkat pada MS yang ditambah dengan 100 mg/L CaLS. Analisis klorofil dan molekul menunjukkan bahawa albino yang diinduksi daripada 100 mg/L CaLS mempunyai pengurangan yang banyak dalam jumlah kandungan klorofil dan pengekspresan kedua-dua gen yang berkaitan dengan klorofil, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 1 (OsCAB1R) dan young seedling albino (OsYSA). Sebagai kesimpulan, LS meningkatkan kadar proliferasi kalus dan memodulasi tindak balas fisiologi yang berlainan semasa pertumbuhan beras indica rekalsitran.

Kata kunci: Albino; indica cv. MR219; lignosulfonat; proliferasi kalus; regenerasi

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*Corresponding author; email: laikoksong@upm.edu.my