Sains Malaysiana 48(3)(2019): 599–605

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4803-12

Coconut Oil Based Microemulsion Formulations for Hair Care Product Application

(Mikroemulsi Berasaskan Minyak Kelapa untuk Kegunaan Produk Penjagaan Rambut)

SAFIAH MOHAMAD JA’AFAR, ROZIDA MOHD. KHALID, RIZAFIZAH OTHAMAN, WAN NUR AINI WAN MOKHTAR & SURIA RAMLI*

Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 46300 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 15 September 2018/Accepted: 28 November 2018

ABSTRACT

Coconut oil in microemulsion is a better option than conventional practice since it can incorporate bioactive ingredients with a stable control release property, especially for hair care products. This work aims to develop microemulsion systems based on coconut oil with the addition of Tween 20, Tween 40, and Tween 80 as non-ionic surfactants (S), and propylene glycol as a co-surfactant (CoS). The determination of microemulsion regions in the ternary phase diagram was carried out by water titration method and the properties of the microemulsion were analysed. Based on the results, the microemulsion system of coconut oil with Tween 80 produced the largest microemulsion region compared to Tween 40 and Tween 20. Microemulsion systems of coconut oil/Tween 80 with the addition of propylene glycol with the ratio of S/CoS at Km = 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 resulted in a decrement of microemulsion regions compared to using merely Tween 80. The microemulsion system of coconut oil/Tween 80/water at the ratio of oil: surfactant = 1:9 was chosen for further characterisations. Viscosity and electrical conductivity studies showed that the microemulsion system was water-in-oil (w/o) type as there was no phase transition to bicontinuous (BC) or oil-in-water (o/w) type due to low percentage of water content. Stability studies showed that the microemulsion system remained clear and stable at 25 and 40°C upon one-month storage except at 4°C where the system became cloudy and turbid. For particle size analysis, the microemulsion system possessed particle size less than 100 nm.

Keywords: Coconut oil; microemulsion; ternary phase diagram; Tween surfactants

ABSTRAK

Minyak kelapa sebagai mikroemulsi adalah lebih baik daripada penggunaannya secara konvensional kerana ia dapat menambah bahan bioaktif untuk dilepaskan dalam keadaan terkawal dan stabil untuk kegunaan produk penjagaan rambut. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menghasilkan sistem mikroemulsi berasaskan minyak kelapa dengan surfaktan jenis Tween 20, Tween 40 dan Tween 80 sebagai surfaktan bukan ionik (S) dan penambahan propilena glikol sebagai ko-surfaktan (CoS). Rantau pembentukan mikroemulsi pada rajah fasa ternari ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah penitratan air dan sifat mikroemulsi tersebut dianalisis. Keputusan menunjukkan sistem mikroemulsi minyak kelapa dengan Tween 80 menghasilkan rantau mikroemulsi paling luas berbanding Tween 40 dan Tween 20. Sistem mikroemulsi minyak kelapa/Tween 80 dengan penambahan propilena glikol dengan nisbah S/KoS pada Km=3:1, 2:1 dan 1:1 menunjukkan pengurangan rantau mikroemulsi berbanding menggunakan Tween 80 secara tunggal. Sistem mikroemulsi minyak kelapa/Tween 80/air pada nisbah minyak:surfaktan=1:9 dipilih bagi pencirian selanjutnya. Ujian konduktiviti elektrik dan kelikatan menunjukkan jenis sistem mikroemulsi air-dalam-minyak (w/o) dan tiada fasa transisi kepada sistem dwiselanjar (BC) disebabkan kandungan peratusan air yang rendah. Ujian kestabilan menunjukkan sistem mikroemulsi kekal jernih dan stabil pada suhu penyimpanan 25ºC dan 40ºC selama sebulan kecuali pada suhu 4°C kerana sistem menjadi kabur dan keruh. Bagi analisis saiz zarah, sistem mikroemulsi mempunyai saiz zarah kurang daripada 100 nm.

Kata kunci: Mikroemulsi; minyak kelapa; rajah fasa ternary; surfaktan Tween

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*Corresponding author; email: su_ramli@ukm.edu.my