Sains Malaysiana 48(4)(2019): 803–811

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4804-12

 

Application of K-Impregnated Staghorn Coral as Catalyst in the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

(Penggunaan K-Impregnasi Batu Karang Staghorn sebagai Pemangkin dalam Transesterifikasi Sisa Minyak Masak)

 

NABILAH ATIQAH ZUL^1,2, SHANGEETHA GANESAN¹ & M. HAZWAN HUSSIN^1,2*

 

¹School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

 

²Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

 

Received: 20 December 2018/Accepted: 7 February 2019

 

ABSTRACT

This work focuses on the catalytic potential of K-impregnated staghorn coral as a catalyst in methyl esters production via methanolysis of waste cooking oil (WCO). The prepared catalyst was analyzed by Hammett indicators, XRF, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-N2 adsorption method, ATR-FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM to determine its physicochemical properties. ATR-FTIR and XRD results confirmed the formation of K2O species upon KOH impregnation, thus, resulting in good catalytic activity. Reaction parameters such as methanol to oil ratio, reaction time and amount of catalyst were evaluated to find out the best conditions for the transesterification process. About 89.51 ± 4.78 % of biodiesel contents were obtained under the optimum conditions.

 

Keywords: Biodiesel; staghorn coral; transesterification; waste cooking oil

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini memfokuskan potensi pemangkin K-impregnasi batu karang staghorn sebagai pemangkin dalam penghasilan metil ester melalui metanolisis sisa minyak masak (WCO). Pemangkin yang telah disediakan telah dianalisis oleh penunjuk Hammette, XRF, kaedah Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-penjerapan N2, ATR-FTIR, TGA, XRD dan SEM untuk menentukan sifat fiziokimianya. Keputusan ATR-FTIR dan XRD mengesahkan pembentukan spesies K2O apabila impregnasi KOH, sehingga menghasilkan aktiviti pemangkin yang baik. Parameter tindak balas seperti nisbah metanol kepada minyak, masa tindak balas dan jumlah pemangkin telah dinilai untuk mengetahui keadaan terbaik untuk proses transesterifikasi. Sebanyak 89.51 ± 4.78 % kandungan biodiesel telah diperoleh di bawah keadaan optimum.

 

Kata kunci: Batu karang staghorn; biodiesel; sisa minyak masak; transesterifikasi

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*Corresponding author; email: mhh@usm.my