Sains Malaysiana 48(7)(2019): 1383–1393

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-07

Effect of Drying Methods and Extraction Solvents on Phenolic Antioxidants and Antioxidant Activity of Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser (Loranthaceae) Leaf Extracts

(Kesan Kaedah Pengeringan dan Pelarut Pengekstrakan Antioksidan Fenolik dan Aktiviti Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser (Loranthaceae))

VANIELIE TERRENCE JUSTINE¹, MUSKHAZLI MUSTAFA¹, SULAIMAN S. KANKARA^1,2 & RUSEA GO¹*

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua, University P.M.B. 2218 Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria

Received: 15 June 2017/Accepted: 18 April 2019

ABSTRACT

Scurrula ferruginea is a type of mistletoe from the Loranthaceae family found in Southeast Asia and distributed in tropical regions, is known to have healing effects for many disorders. Preservation of the bioactive metabolites is dependent on the sample preparation and drying methods as well as extraction solvents used. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different drying methods and extraction solvents on the total phenolic and the antioxidant activities of S. ferruginea leaves. The leaves of S. ferruginea were air and oven (60°C) dried and extracted with aqueous, organic and aqueous-organic solvents. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to gauge the phenolic antioxidants extracted, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging effect on 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and via the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The optimum conditions obtained were oven drying, 80% acetone with values of 3.47 mg/10 g DW (extract yield), 171.29 mg GAE/1 g DW (TPC), 31.91 mg QE/1 g DW (TFC), 93.2% (DPPH), 26.41 mg TE/1 g DW (FRAP) and 7.41 μg/mL (IC50). The present findings suggested that sample preparation variability using different drying methods and solvents for extraction play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of extraction and efficacy of the antioxidant compounds in S. ferruginea leaf extracts.

Keywords: Bioactive metabolite; mistletoe; Southeast Asia

ABSTRAK

Scurrula ferruginea adalah sejenis pokok dedalu daripada famili Loranthaceae yang boleh ditemui di Asia Tenggara dan tersebar meluas di kawasan tropika dan telah diketahui mempunyai kesan penyembuhan terhadap pelbagai penyakit. Pengekalan metabolit bioaktif bergantung kepada kaedah penyediaan sampel dan kaedah pengeringan serta pelarut pengekstrakan yang digunakan. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan kaedah pengeringan dan pelarut pengekstrakan terhadap kandungan fenolik dan aktiviti antioksida daun S. ferruginea. Daun S. ferruginea dikeringkan melalui pengeringan udara dan ketuhar (60ºC) dan diekstrak menggunakan air, pelarut organik dan organik berair. Jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC) dan jumlah kandungan flavonoid (TFC) telah digunakan untuk memantau antioksidan fenolik yang diekstrak, manakala aktiviti antioksidan dinilai dengan mengukur kesan pada radikal 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dan asai Kuasa Antioksidan Penurunan Ferik (FMKA). Hasil optimum diperoleh melalui pengeringan ketuhar dan penggunaan pelarut 80% aseton iaitu 3.47 mg/10 g DW (hasil ekstrak), 171.29 mg GAE/1 g DW (JFK), 31.91 mg QE/1 g DW (JKF), 93.2% (DPPH), 26.41 mg TE/1 g DW (FMKA) dan 7.41 μg/mL (IC50). Keputusan kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa variasi kaedah penyediaan sampel daripada segi kaedah pengeringan dan pelarut pengekstrakan yang digunakan memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kecekapan pengekstrakan dan keberkesanan sebatian antioksidan dalam ekstrak daun S. ferruginea.

Kata kunci: Asia Tenggara; dedalu; metabolit bioaktif

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*Corresponding author; email: rusea@upm.edu.my