Sains Malaysiana 48(7)(2019): 1383–1393
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-07
Effect of Drying
Methods and Extraction Solvents on Phenolic Antioxidants and Antioxidant
Activity of Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser (Loranthaceae) Leaf
Extracts
(Kesan Kaedah
Pengeringan dan Pelarut Pengekstrakan Antioksidan Fenolik dan Aktiviti
Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser
(Loranthaceae))
VANIELIE TERRENCE JUSTINE1, MUSKHAZLI MUSTAFA1, SULAIMAN S. KANKARA1,2 & RUSEA GO1*
1Department of Biology,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Department of Biology, Faculty
of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua, University P.M.B. 2218
Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
Received: 15 June 2017/Accepted:
18 April 2019
ABSTRACT
Scurrula ferruginea is a
type of mistletoe from the Loranthaceae family found in Southeast Asia and
distributed in tropical regions, is known to have healing effects for many
disorders. Preservation of the bioactive metabolites is dependent on the sample
preparation and drying methods as well as extraction solvents used. Thus, the
present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different drying
methods and extraction solvents on the total phenolic and the antioxidant
activities of S. ferruginea leaves. The leaves of S. ferruginea were
air and oven (60°C) dried and extracted with aqueous, organic and
aqueous-organic solvents. The total phenolic content (TPC)
and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to gauge the
phenolic antioxidants extracted, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated
by measuring the scavenging effect on 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
radical and via the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
assay. The optimum conditions obtained were oven drying, 80% acetone with
values of 3.47 mg/10 g DW (extract yield), 171.29 mg GAE/1
g DW (TPC), 31.91 mg QE/1
g DW (TFC), 93.2% (DPPH),
26.41 mg TE/1 g DW (FRAP)
and 7.41 μg/mL (IC50). The present findings suggested
that sample preparation variability using different drying methods and solvents
for extraction play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of extraction
and efficacy of the antioxidant compounds in S. ferruginea leaf
extracts.
Keywords: Bioactive
metabolite; mistletoe; Southeast Asia
ABSTRAK
Scurrula ferruginea adalah
sejenis pokok dedalu daripada famili Loranthaceae yang boleh ditemui di Asia
Tenggara dan tersebar meluas di kawasan tropika dan telah diketahui mempunyai
kesan penyembuhan terhadap pelbagai penyakit. Pengekalan metabolit bioaktif
bergantung kepada kaedah penyediaan sampel dan kaedah pengeringan serta pelarut
pengekstrakan yang digunakan. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk
mengkaji kesan kaedah pengeringan dan pelarut pengekstrakan terhadap kandungan
fenolik dan aktiviti antioksida daun S. ferruginea. Daun S.
ferruginea dikeringkan melalui pengeringan udara dan ketuhar (60ºC) dan
diekstrak menggunakan air, pelarut organik dan organik berair. Jumlah kandungan
fenolik (TPC) dan jumlah kandungan flavonoid (TFC)
telah digunakan untuk memantau antioksidan fenolik yang diekstrak, manakala
aktiviti antioksidan dinilai dengan mengukur kesan pada radikal
2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dan asai Kuasa
Antioksidan Penurunan Ferik (FMKA). Hasil optimum diperoleh
melalui pengeringan ketuhar dan penggunaan pelarut 80% aseton iaitu 3.47 mg/10
g DW (hasil ekstrak), 171.29 mg GAE/1
g DW (JFK), 31.91 mg QE/1
g DW (JKF), 93.2% (DPPH),
26.41 mg TE/1 g DW (FMKA)
dan 7.41 μg/mL (IC50). Keputusan kajian ini
mencadangkan bahawa variasi kaedah penyediaan sampel daripada segi kaedah
pengeringan dan pelarut pengekstrakan yang digunakan memainkan peranan penting
dalam meningkatkan kecekapan pengekstrakan dan keberkesanan sebatian
antioksidan dalam ekstrak daun S. ferruginea.
Kata kunci: Asia Tenggara; dedalu; metabolit bioaktif
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*Corresponding
author; email: rusea@upm.edu.my
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