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Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020):
683-691 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-23 Kajian terhadap Tanah Liat Bentonit dan
Kaolin sebagai Perisai Sinaran (Study on Clay Bentonite and Kaoline as Shielding Material) NUR FATIN NABILAH ZUHAIRI1,2,
NORSYAHIDAH MOHD HIDZIR1,2*, AZUHAR RIPIN3,
MOHD IDZAT IDRIS1,2 & NUR AIN MOHD RADZALI1,2 1Pusat Penyelidikan
Teknologi Nuklear, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2Jabatan Fizik Gunaan,
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 3Kumpulan Fizik
Perubatan, Agensi Nuklear Malaysia, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia Received: 7 October
2019/Accepted: 3 December 2019 ABSTRAK Plumbum
(Pb) merupakan perisai sinaran yang utama bagi mengurangkan dedahan
sinaran gama. Pb mempunyai bilangan atom dan ketumpatan yang tinggi.
Walau bagaimanapun, Pb adalah bersifat toksik, sangat berat serta
mempunyai tahap penyerapan neutron yang sangat rendah. Justeru,
perisai sinaran dengan ciri-ciri yang ideal seperti ringan dan berkeupayaan
tinggi dalam menghalang sinaran sedang giat diterokai. Antara perisai
yang sedang dikaji pada masa kini ialah yang diperbuat daripada
tanah liat. Tanah liat mempunyai ciri-ciri takat lebur yang tinggi,
kestabilan termokimia dan kekuatan mekanik pada suhu yang tinggi.
Ciri-ciri ini menjadikan tanah liat berpotensi sebagai perisai sinaran.
Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi menentukan perincian unsur, nilai pekali pengecilan serta perbandingan
nilai ketebalan kesetaraan plumbum untuk tanah liat (iaitu bentonit
dan kaolin). Perincian unsur tanah
liat ditentukan daripada analisis pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan mikroskop
imbasan medan elektron (FESEM). Ujian pembakaran tanah liat dilakukan
pada suhu ~1000 oC bagi melihat sebarang perubahan terhadap
sifat fizikal dan kimia tanah liat. Sementara itu, ujian bagi penentuan
pekali pengecilan dilakukan menggunakan sumber sinaran gama dan
sinar-X. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tiada perubahan yang ketara
bagi sifat kimia dan fizikal tanah liat selepas ujian pembakaran.
Berdasarkan pekali pengecilan, tanah liat jenis bentonit mempunyai
nilai pekali pengecilan yang lebih tinggi berbanding kaolin dengan
hampir 90% pengurangan dos berjaya diperoleh. Akhir sekali, analisis
ketebalan kesetaraan plumbum menunjukkan nilai kesetaraan bagi bentonit
adalah tinggi berbanding kaolin. Kesimpulannya, tanah liat bentonit
menunjukkan keupayaan pengurangan dos yang tinggi untuk digunakan
sebagai perisai sinaran. Kata kunci: Bentonit; kaolin; perisai
sinaran; tanah liat; sinar-X ABSTRACT Lead (Pb) is a main shielding material
for gamma radiation. Lead has a high number of atoms and density.
However, lead is toxic, very heavy and has low neutron absorption
capacity. Therefore, a shielding material with ideal characteristics
such as lightweight and high radiation attenuation are actively
being explored. Among the shielding material that currently being
studied are those made of clay. Clay has high melting point, thermochemical
stability and high mechanical strength. These features make the
clay potentially be used as a shielding material. Therefore, this
study was carried out to determine the element presence in the clay,
the attenuation coefficient and the comparison of lead-equivalent
thickness values for clay (i.e. bentonite and kaoline). The details
of the clay elements were determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and field
emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Clay combustion tests
were conducted at ~ 1000 oC in order to see any changes
in the physical and chemical properties. Meanwhile, the test for
the determination of the attenuation coefficient was performed using
a source of gamma and X-ray. The results showed that no significant
changes in the chemical and physical properties of the clay after
the combustion test. Based on the attenuation coefficient, bentonite
has a higher attenuation coefficient compared to kaoline with almost
90% of dose reduction achieved. Finally, lead equilibrium thickness
analysis showed that bentonite's equilibrium value was higher than
kaoline. In conclusion, bentonite shows high reduction of dose capability
to be used as a radiation shielding. Keywords: Bentonite; clays;
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6. *Corresponding author; email: syahidah@ukm.edu.my
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