Sains Malaysiana 49(9)(2020): 2187-2196

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4909-16

Effects of a Newly Developed Palm-Based Processing Aid and Curing Systems on the Physical Properties of Nitrile Rubber Composites

(Kesan Pembangunan Baharu Bantuan PemprosesanBerasaskan Sawit dan Sistem Pemvulkanan pada Sifat Fizikal Komposit Getah Nitril)

HANI MOHD HANIF*, KOK CHONG YONG & SIANG YIN LEE

Department of Technology and Engineering, Malaysian Rubber Board, RRIM station, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 15 October 2019/Accepted: 12 May 2020

ABSTRACT

Researches on developing renewable and eco-friendly processing aid are still on-going in the effort of replacing conventional petroleum-based processing aid. In this study, the effects of a palm-based processing aid (Bio) and curing systems on the physical properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) composites were evaluated. Curing systems studied were conventional (CV), semi-efficient (SEV) and efficient (EV) curing systems. It was found that regardless of the curing systems, the addition of Bio reduced the delta torque, cure rate index, glass transition temperature and loss tangent of the NBR composites. Reduction of delta torque by Bio resulted in lower tensile modulus (M100) and higher elongation at break (EB) of composites. Hardness, swelling index and compression set were also higher with the incorporation of Bio. The effects of curing system were also prominent in which using CV cure system leads to higher M100 and hardness and lower EB and compression sets. Excellent aging properties are crucial as it predicts the properties of the composite during service. After accelerated aging, results revealed that the effects of curing systems were significant on the retention of M100 and compression set of NBR composites where the SEV cured composites showed the highest retention of M100 and the lower compression set values. NBR composite with Bio, using a semi-efficient curing system was found to have the best aging properties compared to other composites.

Keywords: Bio-based; curing system; nitrile rubber; physical properties; processing aid

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan untuk membangunkan bantuan pemprosesan yang mapan dan mesra alam masih berterusan dalam usaha menggantikan bantuan pemprosesan konvensional berasaskan petroleum. Dalam kajian ini, kesan sistem pemprosesan berasaskan sawit (Bio) dan sistem pemvulkanan pada sifat fizikal komposit getah nitril (NBR) dinilai. Sistem pemvulkanan yang dikaji adalah sistem pemvulkanan konvensional (CV), separa cekap (SEV) dan cekap (EV). Tanpa mengira sistem pemvulkanan, penambahan Bio mengurangkan tork delta, indeks kadar pemvulkanan, suhu peralihan kaca dan kehilangan tangen komposit NBR. Pengurangan tork delta oleh Bio menghasilkan modulus tegangan (M100) yang rendah dan pemanjangan pada patahan (EB) yang lebih tinggi pada komposit. Kekerasan, indeks pembekakan dan set mampatan juga lebih tinggi dengan penggunaan Bio. Kesan sistem pemvulkanan juga ketara dengan menggunakan sistem pemvulkanan CV membawa kepada M100 dan kekerasan yang lebih tinggi dan EB serta set mampatan yang lebih rendah. Sifat penuaan yang sangat baik adalah penting kerana ia meramalkan ciri-ciri komposit semasa perkhidmatan. Selepas penuaan dipercepatkan, hasil menunjukkan bahawa kesan sistem pemvulkanan adalah ketara pada pengekalan M100 dan set mampatan komposit NBR dengan komposit SEV menunjukkan pengekalan M100 tertinggi dan nilai set mampatan lebih rendah. NBR komposit dengan Bio, menggunakan sistem pengawetan separa cekap didapati mempunyai sifat penuaan terbaik berbanding komposit lain.

Kata kunci: Bantuan pemprosesan; berasaskan Bio; getah nitril; pemvulkanan; sifat fizikal

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*Corresponding author; email: haniafiffa@lgm.gov.my