Sains Malaysiana 50(5)(2021): 1255-1265

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-06

Hercide Atrazine Alters the Microbiota of the Filamentous Green Alga Cladophora sp. Cultured from Thailand

(Herbisid Atrazin Mengubah Mikrobiota Alga Hijau Berfilamen Cladophora sp. yang Dikultur dari Thailand)

ANCHITTHA SATJARAK^1,2*, JITTRA PIAPUKIEW^2,3, WIKROM CHANTHAPATCHOT², KARNJANA RUEN-PHAM² & ALISA S. VANGNAI^3,4

¹Plants of Thailand Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

²Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

³Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

⁴Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

Received: 15 April 2020/Accepted: 6 October 2020

ABSTRACT

The attached green alga Cladophora known to harbor microbiota that play important roles in ecosystem, is one of the most common freshwater filamentous green algae in rivers globally, including those in the northern part of Thailand. These rivers mostly run through agricultural regions where herbicides are heavily used to improve crop quality and quantity. The extensively-used herbicide atrazine persists in soil sediments through transport by surface runoff to rivers. The effect of such herbicide contamination on Cladophora microbiota in Thailand have not been investigated. To acquire this information, 16S rDNA amplicons were used to compare microbiota of Cladophora sp. cultures treated with a spectrum of atrazine concentrations. The results showed that the Cladophora microbiome included at least 106 possible Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing twelve bacterial phyla which are Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Epsilonbacteraeota, Nitrospirae, Patescibacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and WPS-2, representing both core and local algal bacteria. The presence of atrazine was also correlated with changes in richness of bacterial taxa suggesting that these algal epibiotic bacteria were differently affected by atrazine treatments.

Keywords: 16S rDNA amplicons; atrazine; Cladophora; microbiomes

ABSTRAK

Alga hijau Cladophora telah diketahui melindungi mikrobiota yang memainkan peranan penting dalam ekosistem, ia adalah salah satu alga hijau filamen air tawar yang biasa dijumpai dalam sungai di seluruh dunia, termasuk di bahagian utara Thailand. Sungai ini kebanyakannya merentasi kawasan pertanian di mana herbisid banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualiti dan kuantiti tanaman. Herbisid atrazin yang digunakan secara meluas kekal di dalam endapan tanah secara pengangkutan melalui larian permukaan ke sungai. Kesan pencemaran herbisid ke atas mikrobiota Cladophora di Thailand masih belum pernah dijalankan. Untuk memperoleh maklumat ini, amplikon 16S rDNA digunakan untuk membandingkan kultur mikrobiota Cladophora sp. yang dirawat dengan spektrum kepekatan atrazin. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa mikrobiom Cladophora merangkumi sekurang-kurangnya 106 kemungkinan unit operasi taksonomi (OUT) yang mewakili dua belas filum bakteria seperti Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Epsilonbacteraeota, Nitrospirae, Patescibacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria dan WPS-2, yang mewakili kedua-dua bakteria alga teras dan tempatan. Kehadiran atrazin juga turut dikaitkan dengan perubahan kekayaan taksa bakteria yang mencadangkan bahawa bakteria epibiotik alga ini dipengaruhi secara berbeza oleh rawatan atrazin.

Kata kunci: Amplikon 16S rDNA; atrazin; Cladophora; mikrobiom

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*Corresponding author; email: anchittha.s@chula.ac.th