Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022): 3203-3214

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-08

Identification of Several Fractions of Patchouli Alcohol from Patchouli Oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) using Combination Method of Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis

(Pengenalpastian Beberapa Fraksi Alkohol Nilam daripada Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) menggunakan Kaedah Gabungan Spektroskopi Inframerah dan Analisis Prinsip Komponen)

PUJI ASTUTI^1,2,3,4, KHAIRAN KHAIRAN^4,5,6,7, MARTHOENIS MARTHOENIS⁸ & KARTINI HASBALLAH^9,*

¹Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

²Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Akademi Keperawatan Tgk. Fakinah,

Banda Aceh, Indonesia

³Department of Institutional and information systems, LLDikti Wilayah XIII, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

⁴Atsiri Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

⁵Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

⁶PT-PUI Nilam Aceh, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

⁷Pusat Riset Obat Herbal, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

⁸Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala,

 Banda Aceh, Indonesia

⁹Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Received: 21 Feb 2022/Accepted: 14 June 2022

Abstract

Patchouli oil is a type of essential oil that is very popular all over the world because it is rich in benefits and has high economic value as well. The quality of it must be maintained and strictly controlled to prevent counterfeiting. In this study, the patchouli oil sample used was Aceh patchouli oil of the Tapak Tuan variety, Indonesia. The patchouli oil was redistilled and crystallized to obtain 5 varying levels of patchouli alcohol. This study aims to evaluate the application of chemometrics and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as simple, effective and economical methods to assess the quality of patchouli oil and patchouli crystals. FTIR data from the 5 samples were subjected to multivariate analysis consisting of Hierarchical cluster Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). HCA, PCA and LDA managed to distribute the tested samples into informative groups. The results of the HCA analysis showed the pattern of sample classification based on patchouli oil concentration, the results of the PCA analysis showed that the PCA plot scores were quite adequate in distinguishing patchouli oil concentrations. The results of the LDA analysis showed the authenticity of the patchouli oil spectrum based on the results of PCA analysis. From the cross-validation accomplished, this method was successful in predicting accurately the concentration of patchouli oil samples. The results of the analysis concluded that the combination of the FTIR-Chemometric method is a fast, easy, accurate and inexpensive method. In addition, this analysis can be executed without damaging the sample.

Keywords: Infrared spectroscopy; patchouli alcohol; patchouli crystal; patchouli oil

ABSTRAK

Minyak nilam adalah sejenis minyak pati yang sangat popular di seluruh dunia kerana ia kaya dengan manfaat dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Kualitinya mesti dikekalkan dan dikawal ketat untuk mengelakkan pemalsuan. Dalam kajian ini, sampel minyak nilam yang digunakan ialah minyak nilam Aceh varieti Tapak Tuan, Indonesia. Minyak nilam telah disuling semula dan dihablurkan untuk mendapatkan 5 tahap alkohol nilam yang berbeza-beza. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai aplikasi kemometrik dan spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR) sebagai kaedah yang mudah, berkesan dan menjimatkan untuk menilai kualiti minyak nilam dan hablur nilam. Data FTIR daripada 5 sampel telah tertakluk kepada analisis multivariat yang terdiri daripada Analisis Kelompok Hierarki (HCA), Analisis Prinsip Komponen (PCA) dan Analisis Diskriminasi Linear (LDA). HCA, PCA dan LDA berjaya mengedarkan sampel yang diuji ke dalam kumpulan bermaklumat. Hasil analisis HCA menunjukkan corak pengelasan sampel berdasarkan kepekatan minyak nilam, hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan skor plot PCA agak mencukupi dalam membezakan kepekatan minyak nilam. Hasil analisis LDA menunjukkan ketulenan spektrum minyak nilam berdasarkan hasil analisis PCA. Daripada pengesahan silang yang dicapai, kaedah ini berjaya meramal dengan tepat kepekatan sampel minyak nilam. Hasil analisis merumuskan bahawa gabungan kaedah FTIR-Kemometrik adalah kaedah yang cepat, mudah, tepat dan murah. Di samping itu, analisis ini boleh dilaksanakan tanpa merosakkan sampel.

Kata kunci: Alkohol nilam; kristal nilam; minyak nilam; spektroskopi inframerah

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^*Corresponding author; email: kartini.hasballah@unsyiah.ac.id