Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022): 3307-3320

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-16

Optimization, Kinetics Isotherm, and Reusability Studies of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption using Acrylic Acid Grafted Rubber Hydrogel

(Pengoptimuman, Isoterma Kinetik dan Kajian Kebolehgunaan Semula Penjerapan Pewarna Biru Metilena menggunakan Hidrogel Getah Cantuman Asid Akrilik)

SITI FAIRUS M. YUSOFF^1,2,*, FAZIRA FIRDAUS¹, NUR ADLY AHMAD ZAHIDI¹ & NURUL HUDA ABDUL HALIM¹

¹Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Polymer Research Centre (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 16 March 2021/Accepted: 14 June 2022

Abstract

Hydrogel based on liquid natural rubber (LNR) crosslinked with acrylic acid (AAc) was synthesised and applied for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. The LNR/AAc hydrogel was prepared by free-radical polymerisation using potassium persulfate (KPS) and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the initiator and the crosslinking agent, respectively. The effect of three variables (i.e., AAc:LNR weight ratio, KPS concentration and MBA concentration) on the hydrogel preparation for MBA removal was further investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic polynomial model with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results yielding R² value of 0.9833 was consequently obtained. The optimum conditions for the hydrogel preparation were identified as AAc:LNR weight ratio of 2.59 g/g, KPS concentration of 0.08 M and MBA concentrations of 0.08 M and resulting a high percentage of MB removal about 92.57% was obtained. Therefore, the kinetic and isotherm models of MB removal were represented by the pseudo-second order and Freundlich model, respectively, and reusability studies were also investigated resulting in the hydrogel can be used up to four cycles.

Keywords: Adsorption; dye removal; polymer gels; rubber; response surface methodology

Abstrak

Hidrogel berasaskan getah asli cecair (LNR) yang ditaut silang dengan asid akrilik (AAc) telah disintesis dan digunakan untuk penjerapan metilena biru (MB) dalam larutan akueus. Hidrogel LNR/AAc telah disediakan melalui pempolimeran radikal bebas menggunakan kalium persulfat (KPS) dan N,N-metilenabisakrilamida (MBA) sebagai pemula bersama agen taut silang. Kesan tiga pemboleh ubah iaitu (nisbah berat AAc:LNR, kepekatan KPS dan kepekatan MBA) ke atas penyediaan hidrogel untuk penyingkiran MB telah dikaji selanjutnya menggunakan kaedah rangsangan permukaan tindak balas (RSM). Model polinomial kuadratik dengan keputusan analisis varians (ANOVA) yang menghasilkan nilai pekali penentuan, R² sebanyak 0.9833 telah diperoleh. Keadaan optimum untuk penyediaan hidrogel dikenal pasti iaitu nisbah berat AAc:LNR 2.59 g/g, kepekatan KPS 0.08 M dan kepekatan MBA 0.08 M dengan peratusan penyingkiran MB yang tinggi sebanyak 92.57%. Oleh itu, model kinetik dan isoterma bagi penyingkiran MB diwakili oleh tertib pseudo kedua dan model Freundlich. Tambahan pula, kajian kebolehgunaan semula hidrogel turut dikaji dan didapati hidrogel boleh digunakan sehingga empat kitaran dalam penyingkiran MB.

Kata kunci: Getah; gel polimer; kaedah rangsangan permukaan tindak balas; penjerapan; penyingkiran pewarna

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^*Corresponding author; email: sitifairus@ukm.edu.my