Sains Malaysiana 51(1)(2022): 39-50

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5101-04

Population Structure of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in Java and Bali Island, Indonesia Inferred from Otolith Shape

(Struktur Populasi Ikan Borek India (Rastrelliger kanagurta) di Jawa dan Kepulauan Bali, Indonesia diperoleh daripada Bentuk Otolit)

ARIEF WUJDI^1,2*, HAN JU KIM³ & CHUL WOONG OH³

¹International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 South Korea

²Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries, Denpasar, Bali, 80223 Indonesia

³Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 South Korea

Received: 12 January 2021/Accepted: 16 May 2021

ABSTRACT

The Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta, is a commercially important resource across Indonesia's archipelagic waters. Despite its essential role in the fisheries industry, information regarding its population structures for management purposes is still limited. The present study investigates the variability of otolith shape as an efficient tool for stock discrimination. A total of 159 pairs of sagittal otolith were sampled at four localities along the southern Java-Bali coastal waters. Otolith outline was modeled by using Wavelet coefficients and was compared between localities using ANOVA-like permutation test, Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP), and classification test performed using linear discriminant analysis. The results showed significant differences in the shape of otolith between populations, reflected explicitly in the morphological feature of the excisura major. The differences in otolith shape were examined from all localities (ANOVA-like, p<0.001, and CAP p>0.05), except those otoliths between Palabuhanratu and Pacitan, thus, a mixed stock may occur in these two locations. These findings were also confirmed by the low classification success rate using LDA 44.26%. These results suggested that at least two distinct stocks potentially contributed to the fishery, impacting species management and conservation.

Keywords: Otolith morphology; Rastrelliger kanagurta; shapeR; stock identification; Wavelet transformation

ABSTRAK

Ikan borek India, Rastrelliger kanagurta, adalah sumber ikan komersial yang penting di seluruh perairan kepulauan Indonesia. Walaupun mempunyai kepentingan ekonomi yang tinggi dalam industri perikanan, maklumat struktur populasinya untuk tujuan pengurusan masih terhad. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji kebolehubahan bentuk otolit sebagai kaedah yang cekap untuk menilai struktur stok ikan. Sebanyak 159 pasang sagital otolit diambil dari empat kawasan di sepanjang perairan pantai selatan Jawa dan Bali. Garis besar otolit dimodelkan menggunakan pekali Wavelet dan dibandingkan antara lokasi dengan ujian ANOVA dengan permutasi, Analisis Kanonikal Koordinat Utama (CAP) dan pengelompokan dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis diskriminan linear. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam bentuk otolith antara populasi, terutama dalam pencirian morfologi pada bahagian eksikura major. Perbezaan signifikan diperoleh untuk bentuk otolit dari semua kawasan (ANOVA p<0.001 dan CAP p>0.05), kecuali otolit antara Palabuhanratu dan Pacitan. Ini mungkin disebabkan oleh terdapat stok campuran yang berlaku di kawasan tersebut. Penemuan ini juga disahkan oleh kadar kejayaan pengelasan yang rendah menggunakan LDA 44.26%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahawa sekurang-kurangnya dua stok berbeza berpotensi menyumbang kepada perikanan yang dapat memberi implikasi kepada pengurusan dan pemuliharaan spesies ikan ini.

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Kata kunci: BentukR; morfologi otolit; pengenalpastian stok; penjelmaan Wavelet; Rastrelliger kanagurta

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*Corresponding author; email: ariefwujdi@kkp.go.id