Sains Malaysiana 51(1)(2022): 51-65

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5101-05

Flash Flood Susceptibility Mapping of Sungai Pinang Catchment using Frequency Ratio

(Pemetaan Kerentanan Banjir Kilat Tadahan Sungai Pinang menggunakan Nisbah Kekerapan)

AZLAN SALEH¹, ALI YUZIR¹* & NURIDAH SABTU²

¹Disaster Preparedness & Prevention Centre (DPPC), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory Malaysia

²School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Received: 23 November 2020/Accepted: 1 May 2021

ABSTRACT

Flash flood are natural disasters that frequently occur in Malaysia especially in urban areas. Due to this, the development of flash flood susceptibility mapping one of the tools used to aid the local authority in reducing and managing the flash flood impact. Frequency Ratio (FR) is a popular method in predictive modeling because of its capabilities to determine the critical conditioning factor of flash flood. The aim of this research was to compare the standalone FR with Ensemble FR-AHP. This ensemble method uses pair-wise comparison method between Frequency Ratio and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this research, ten conditioning factors were selected which were slope, aspect, curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Stream Power Index (SPI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), distance from river, rainfall, elevation, and land use/land cover (LULC). The flash flood inventory was obtained from local authorities where the flash flood occurred in Penang, Malaysia on November 2017. 70% of 110 flooded locations were used as training dataset to assess the spatial distribution of flooding whereas the remaining 30% flooded locations were used as validation dataset. Based on the results, the prediction rate of FR-AHP method is slightly better accuracy compared to FR method which 88.33% (FR-AHP) and 85.62% (FR). The output of this research is crucial to assist local authority in land use planning and drainage system of the study area.

Keywords: Analytical hierarchy process; flash flood; frequency ratio; susceptibility mapping

ABSTRAK

Banjir kilat merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang kerap berlaku di Malaysia terutama di kawasan bandar. Disebabkan masalah ini, pembangunan peta rentatan banjir kilat boleh dijadikan alat untuk pihak berkuasa tempatan untuk mengurus dan mengurangkan risiko banjir. Nisbah Frekuensi (FR) adalah salah satu kaedah yang popular dalam ramalan model kerana kebolehupayaannya dan juga dapat menentukan faktor keadaan kritikal banjir kilat. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk membandingkan FR dengan gabungan FR-AHP. Kaedah gabungan ini menggunakan kaedah perbandingan ikut pasangan antara Nisbah Frekuensi dengan Proses Hierarki Analitik (AHP). Untuk penyelidikan ini, sepuluh faktor keadaan dipilih iaitu cerun, aspek, kelengkungan, Indeks Kelembapan Topografi (TWI), Indeks Kuasa Aliran (SPI), Indeks Vegetasi Perbezaan Normalisasi (NDVI), jarak dari sungai, hujan, ketinggian, dan guna tanah/litupan tanah (LULC). Inventori banjir kilat diperoleh daripada pihak berkuasa tempatan - banjir kilat berlaku di Pulau Pinang, Malaysia pada bulan November 2017. 70% daripada 110 lokasi banjir digunakan sebagai data latihan untuk menilai taburan ruang banjir dan 30% lokasi banjir lain digunakan sebagai set data pengesahan. Berdasarkan hasilnya, kadar ramalan kaedah FR-AHP mendapat ketepatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kaedah FR iaitu 88.33% (FR-AHP) dan 85.62% (FR). Hasil daripada kajian ini dapat membantu pihak berkuasa tempatan dalam perancangan penggunaan tanah dan sistem perparitan kawasan kajian.

Kata kunci: Banjir kilat; nisbah frekuensi; peta rentatan; proses hierarki analitik

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*Corresponding author; email: muhdaliyuzir@utm.my