Sains Malaysiana 51(4)(2022): 1005-1015

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5104-05

Wackestones and Grainstones Geochemistry from Baturaja Formation, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia: Origin and Depositional Environment

(Geokimia Batu Wak dan Batu Butir dari Formasi Baturaja, Wilayah Selatan Sumatera, Indonesia: Asal Usul dan Persekitaran Pengendapan)

RONALDO IRZON¹,*, SIGIT MARYANTO¹, ILDREM SYAFRI², KURNIA¹, HERI HERMIANTO JAZULI¹ & PRIYO HARTANTO³

¹Center for Geological Survey, Jl. Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia

²Faculty of Technical Geology, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

³Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Received: 25 February 2021/Accepted: 15 August 2021

Abstract

Limestone members of the Baturaja Formation at Rambangnia Traverse in Sumatra are classified into wackestones, packstones, grainstones, and floatstones based on microfacies discrimination. This study compared the geochemistry characteristics of the wackestones and the grainstones at the traverse to define their material origins and sedimentation environment. A total of ten samples were analyzed using XRF for 11 oxides and 12 trace elements composition. The samples are carbonates with a minimum fraction of dolomite or magnesite. Clastic material of eroded Kikim Formation is the major impurity origin in the limestone without considerable sulfate content. The wackstones signify a higher detrital input rate and contain more clay which increased during CaO separation than the grainstones. Iron in the wackstones was lost through diagenesis while sodium in the grainstones was precipitated directly from seawater.  According to V/Cr and Cu/Zn ratios, the wackestones were deposited in more oxic condition than the grainstones. The studied carbonates have not been affected by a considerable post-depositional alteration based on their geochemistry characteristics.

Keywords: Baturaja Formation; geochemistry; grainstones; limestone; wackestones

Abstrak

Ahli batu kapur Formasi Baturaja di rentas Rambangnia di Sumatera dikelaskan kepada batu wak, batu padat, batu butir dan batu terapung berdasarkan diskriminasi mikrofasies. Kajian ini membandingkan ciri-ciri geokimia batu wak dan batu butir pada rentas untuk menentukan asal bahan dan persekitaran pemendapan. Sebanyak sepuluh sampel telah dianalisis menggunakan XRF untuk 11 oksida dan 12 komposisi unsur surih. Sampel adalah karbonat dengan pecahan minimum dolomit atau magnesit. Bahan klastik Formasi Kikim yang terhakis adalah asal kekotoran utama dalam batu kapur tanpa kandungan sulfat yang banyak. Batu wak menandakan kadar input detrital yang lebih tinggi dan mengandungi lebih banyak tanah liat yang meningkat semasa pemisahan CaO daripada batu butir. Besi dalam batu wak telah hilang melalui diagenesis manakala natrium dalam batu kikir daripada air laut secara terus. Menurut nisbah V/Cr dan Cu/Zn, batu wak telah dimendapkan dalam keadaan oksik yang lebih banyak daripada batu butir. Karbonat yang dikaji tidak terjejas oleh perubahan pasca pemendapan yang besar berdasarkan ciri geokimia mereka.

Kata kunci: Batu butir; batu kapur; batu wak; geokimia; Formasi Baturaja

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^*Corresponding author; email: ronaldoirzon18@gmail.com