Sains Malaysiana 51(5)(2022): 1475-1485

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5105-17

 

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp

(Aktiviti Anti-Radang dan Antioksidan Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.)

 

CARLA WULANDARI SABANDAR1,5, JURIYATI JALIL1,*, NORIZAN AHMAT2,3, NOR-ASHILA ALADDIN1, NIK KHAIRUNISSA NIK ABDULLAH ZAWAWI2,3 & IDIN SAHIDIN4

 

1Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

3Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

4Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, 93232 Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

5Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Jalan Pemuda, 93517 Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

 

Received: 29 January 2021/Accepted: 8 October 2021

 

Abstract

Syzygium polyanthum has been used as folk medicine to treat ailments related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, the  anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of stem bark and root bark of the plant were investigated. The experiments that have been carried out were estimation of total phenolic and total flavonoid in the methanol extracts and fractions of both parts, isolation and structure elucidation of chemical compounds, anti-inflammatory activity evaluation based on inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in the LPS-induced human whole blood using radioimmunoassay technique as well as antioxidant activity based on assays by using free radical scavenging DPPH and FRAP. Results showed high amounts of phenolics and flavonoids in both parts of S. polyanthum. Seven compounds were succesfully isolated from the stem bark and identified as stigmasterol (1), 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-pentylisocoumarin (2), 3,3’-di-O-methylellagic acid (3), methylgallate (4), asiatic acid (5), arjunolic acid (6), and daucosterol (7). The ethyl acetate fraction of the root bark showed potent inhibitory activity on the production of PGE2 (IC50 3.03 ± 0.83 μg/mL). The methanol extract of the stem bark displaying promising DPPH scavenging activity (SC50= 2.82 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and FRAP activity (7.02 ± 0.1 μg/μg of equivalent trolox amount). Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 showed pronounced inhibitory activity on the PGE2 production with IC50ranging from 0.052 to 1.25 μM. Meanwhile, compound 4 exhibited antioxidant activity toward DPPH (SC5010.60 μM) and FRAP (20.5 ± 1.0 μg/μg). The study concluded that S. polyanthum as a potential source for therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

 

Keywords: Arjunolic acid; asiatic acid; myrtaceae; prostaglandin E2; Syzygium polyanthum

 

Abstrak

Syzygium polyanthum telah digunakan dalam perubatan tradisi untuk merawat penyakit yang berkaitan dengan tekanan oksidatif dan radang. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji aktiviti anti-radang dan antioksidan kulit batang dan kulit akar S. polyanthum. Uji kaji yang dijalankan adalah untuk menentukan jumlah sebatian fenol dan flavonoid di dalam ekstrak dan fraksi metanol kedua-dua bahagian tumbuhan, pemisahan dan pengenalpastian struktur sebatian kimia, penilaian aktiviti anti-radang melalui perencatan penghasilan prostaglandin E2 di dalam darah manusia diaruh-lipopolisakarida (LPS) dengan menggunakan teknik radioimunoasai serta aktiviti antioksidan menggunakan asai DPPH dan FRAP. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kandungan sebatian fenol dan flavonoid yang tinggi di dalam kedua-dua bahagian tumbuhan S. polyanthum. Tujuh sebatian telah berjaya dipencilkan daripada kulit batang S. polyanthum iaitu stigmasterol (1), 8-hidroksi-6-metoksi-3-pentilisokoumarin (2), 3,3’-di-O-asid metilelagik (3), metilgalat (4), asid asiatik (5), asid arjunolik (6) dan daukosterol (7). Fraksi etil asetat kulit akar S. polyanthum menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan yang poten terhadap penghasilan PGE2 (IC50 3.03 ± 0.83 μg/mL). Ekstrak metanol kulit batang menunjukkan aktiviti hapus-sisa DPPH (SC50= 2.82 ± 0.1 μg/mL) dan aktiviti FRAP (7.02 ± 0.1 μg/μg bersamaan dengan jumlah trolox). Sebatian 1, 5, 6 dan 7 menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan terhadap penghasilan PGE2 dengan nilai IC50antara 0.052 ke 1.25 μM. Selain itu, sebatian 4 menunjukkan aktiviti antioksidan terhadap DPPH (SC5010.60 μM) dan aktiviti FRAP (20.5 ± 1.0 μg/μg). Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa tumbuhan S. polyanthum berpotensi sebagai sumber bagi agen terapeutik untuk aktiviti anti-radang dan antioksidan.

 

Kata kunci: Asid arjunolik; asid asiatik; myrtaceae; prostaglandin E2; Syzygium polyanthum

 

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*Corresponding author; email: juriyatijalil@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

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