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Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 547-561
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-17
Methylene Blue Adsorption by Acid Post-Treated Low Temperature Biochar
Derived from Banana (Musa acuminata) Pseudostem
(Penjerapan Metilena Biru oleh Bioarang Bersuhu Rendah
Selepas Dirawat Asid Dihasilkan daripada Batang Pseudo Pisang (Musa acuminata))
NOOR HALINI BAHARIM*, FRIDELINA SJAHRIR,
RAHMAD MOHD TAIB, NORAZLINA IDRIS & TUAN AZMAR TUAN DAUD
Department of Science and
Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 17 July 2022/Accepted: 19
December 2022
Abstract
The adsorption of methylene blue dye solution using
low temperature biochar (PSB) and acid post-treated biochar (PT-PSB) derived
from banana (Musa acuminata) pseudostem was investigated. The raw material was
oven-dried at 105 °C for 24 h and then carbonized via slow pyrolysis at a low
temperature of 300 °C for 1 h. The biochar was further treated with 1.0 M HCl
for 24 h. At room temperature, batch adsorption experiments were conducted to
determine the removal efficiency of methylene blue at different parameters;
solution pH (3-10), adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.30 g) and initial concentration
(25-150 mg/L). The results exhibited that the highest removal efficiency of
methylene blue using PSB was 96.6% at optimum solution pH 6 with the adsorbent
dosage of 0.20 g. Nevertheless, the better removal efficiency of methylene blue
using PT-PSB was identified (99.3%) at optimum solution pH 7 and adsorbent
dosage of 0.25 g. The initial concentration of 25 mg/L showed the maximum
removal efficiency for both PSB and PT-PSB. The adsorption isotherm analysis
showed that both PSB and PT-PSB were better fitted with the Freundlich isotherm
model which indicates multilayer adsorption onto the heterogeneous surface of
the adsorbents. Kinetic data showed that the adsorption of methylene blue onto
PSB and PT-PSB was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, indicating
chemical adsorption. Banana pseudostem showed great potential to be used as an
efficient low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of
methylene blue from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Acid
post-treated biochar; adsorption; banana pseudostem; methylene blue
Abstrak
Penjerapan larutan pewarna metilena biru menggunakan
bioarang bersuhu rendah (PSB) dan bioarang selepas dirawat asid (PT-PSB) yang
berasal daripada batang pseudo pisang (Musa acuminata) dikaji. Bahan
mentah dikeringkan dengan ketuhar pada suhu 105 °C selama 24 jam dan seterusnya
dibakar melalui pirolisis perlahan pada suhu rendah 300 °C selama 1 jam.
Bioarang seterusnya dirawat dengan 1.0 M HCl untuk 24 jam. Pada suhu bilik, uji
kaji penjerapan kumpulan dijalankan untuk menentukan kecekapan penyingkiran
metilena biru pada parameter pemboleh ubah yang berbeza; pH larutan (3-10), dos
penjerap (0.05-0.30 g) dan kepekatan awal (25-150 mg/L). Keputusan menunjukkan
kecekapan penyingkiran tertinggi metilena biru menggunakan PSB adalah 96.6%
pada pH larutan optimum 6 dengan dos penjerap 0.20 g. Walau bagaimanapun,
kecekapan penyingkiran metilena biru yang lebih baik menggunakan PT-PSB
ditentukan (99.3%) pada pH larutan optimum 7 dan dos penjerap 0.25 g. Kepekatan
awal 25 mg/L menunjukkan kecekapan penyingkiran yang maksimum bagi kedua-dua
PSB dan PT-PSB. Analisis isoterma penjerapan menunjukkan kedua-dua PSB dan
PT-PSB adalah lebih berpadanan dengan model isoterma Freundlich yang
menunjukkan penjerapan berbilang lapisan ke permukaan heterogen penjerap. Data
kinetik menunjukkan penjerapan metilena biru ke PSB dan PT-PSB adalah sangat
berpadanan dengan model tertib kedua pseudo, menunjukkan penjerapan kimia. Batang pseudo pisang
berpotensi besar digunakan sebagai penjerap berkos rendah yang cekap dan mesra
alam untuk penyingkiran metilena biru daripada larutan akues.
Kata kunci: Batang pisang pseudo; bioarang selepas dirawat asid; metilena biru; penjerapan
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*Corresponding author; email: halini@unisel.edu.my
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