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Penggunaan Biomonitor
Multispesies Air Tawar dalam Menilai Perubahan Kelakuan Ikan Gapi,
Poecilia reticulata dan Udang
Air Tawar, Macrobrachium lanchesteri Terhadap Air Larut Resap
dari Tapak
Pelupusan Sampah
(Use of
Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor to Assess Behavioural Changes of Guppy, Poecilia
reticulata and Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium
lanchesteri in Response to Leachate from
Landfill)
Z. Nurul-Akhma, M. Shuhaimi-Othman*
& M. Azmah
Pusat Pengajian Sains
Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia
Diserahkan: 18 Ogos 2011 / Diterima:
18 November 2011
ABSTRAK
Biomonitor Multispesies
Air Tawar (MFB™) digunakan bagi
mengukur dan menganalisis pelbagai kelakuan daripada pelbagai jenis organisma
akuatik untuk memantau kualiti air dalam ekosistem air tawar. Isyarat
gerak balas udang air tawar (Macrobrachium
lanchesteri) dan ikan gapi (Poecilia
reticulata) dikaji di dalam makmal bagi menentukan respons
yang spesifik terhadap pendedahan kepekatan air larut resap yang berbeza (1%,
3% dan 5%) bagi kedua-dua organisma. Perubahan perilaku
organisma (pergerakan dan ventilasi) direkodkan dengan menggunakan Biomonitor
Multispesies Air Tawar (MFB) selama 24 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh
menunjukkan terdapat trend peningkatan respons pergerakan dan ventilasi yang
jelas dengan peningkatan kepekatan pendedahan air larut resap bagi udang air
tawar. Manakala respons yang ditunjukkan oleh ikan gapi adalah tidak begitu
jelas walaupun terdapat trend pengurangan pergerakan dengan peningkatan
kepekatan pendedahan air larut resap dan trend peningkatan ventilasi dengan
peningkatan kepekatan pendedahan. Kajian ini menunjukkan M. lanchesteri memberikan respons yang
lebih sensitif kepada air larut resap berbanding P.
reticulata dan organisma ini lebih sesuai digunakan sebagai
organisma penunjuk untuk MFB.
Kata kunci: Kelakuan; Macrobrachium lanchesteri; pencemaran air; poecilia reticulata
ABSTRACT
The Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor
(MFB™) was used to measure and analyse different
types of behaviours from different aquatic organisms for monitoring water
quality in freshwater ecosystems. The signal response of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium lanchesteri) and guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) was studied in the
laboratory to determine the specific response of both organisms to different
concentrations of leachate (1%, 3% and 5%). Behavioural changes were recorded
by using Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor (MFB) for 24 h. Our results showed
that the behavioural and ventilation responses of freshwater shrimp increased
with increasing exposure to concentrations of leachate. However, the responses
shown by guppy fish was not clear although there was a trend of reduction in
the behavioural responses with increasing exposure and increasing ventilation
responses with increasing exposure to leachate. Results also showed that the M. lanchesteri was more sensitive to
leachate than P. reticulata and this
organism was more suitable as indicator organism for the MFB.
Keywords:
Behaviour; Macrobrachium lanchesteri; Poecilia reticulata; water pollution
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; e-mail: shuhaimi@ukm.my
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