Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2667–2676

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-09

 

Kajian Elektrolit Polimer berasaskan Getah Asli Terubah Suai (MG49) dalam Sel Suria Terpeka Pewarna

(An Investigation of Modified Natural Rubber-Based (MG49) Polymer Electrolyte in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells)

 

SHUHIB MAMAT¹, MOHAMAD FAIZZI¹, MOHD SUKOR SU’AIT^1*, NORASIKIN AHMAD LUDIN¹, KAMARUZZAMAN SOPIAN¹, NURUL AKMALIAH DZULKURNAIN², AZIZAN AHMAD³, LOH KEE SHYUAN⁴, LEE TIAN KHOON⁴ & DANIEL BRANDELL⁵

 

¹Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Center (UMPEDAC), Wisma R&D, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Pantai Baharu, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

 

³School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

⁴Fuel Cell Institute (FCI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

⁵Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden

 

Diserahkan: 7 Mac 2018/Diterima: 13 Julai 2018

 

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian terhadap elektrolit polimer berasaskan 49% poli(metil metakrilat) cangkukan getah asli (MG49) dengan natrium iodida (NaI) dalam aplikasi sel suria terpeka pewarna (DSSC) telah dijalankan. Kesan kepekatan garam ke atas sifat elektrokimia, morfologi, kimia dan kehabluran MG49-NaI telah dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi impedan elektrokimia (EIS), mikroskopi imbasan elektron (SEM), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD). Morfologi keratan rentas menunjukkan struktur membran berliang mikro dan homogen. Nilai kekonduksian ion tertinggi pada suhu bilik bagi membran elektrolit polimer MG49-NaI pada penambahan 30 % bt. garam NaI adalah 8.86 × 10-5 S cm-1. Analisis inframerah menunjukkan interaksi antara atom oksigen dengan ion natrium berlaku pada kumpulan berfungsi eter (C–O–C) dan karbonil (C=O). Sifat kehabluran MG49-NaI polimer elektrolit didapati berkurang dengan peningkatan kepekatan garam. Analisis kronoamperometri memberikan nilai nombor pindahan ion (tion) sebanyak 0.92 membuktikan elektrolit polimer MG49-NaI (30 % bt.) adalah pengkonduksi jenis ion. Ujian prestasi DSSC keadaan pepejal bagi FTO/TiO2-N719/MG49-NaI (30 % bt.)/I2/Pt sampel telah memberikan keputusan kecekapan setinggi 0.26% dengan prestasi fotovoltaik, Jsc, Voc dan ff masing-masing adalah 1.30 mA cm-2, 0.56 V dan 34.91. Membran dalam keadaan pepejal-kuasi atau separa pepejal memberikan nilai kecekapan 3.48% dengan nilai Voc = 0.75 V, Jsc = 12.71 mA cm-2 dan FF = 37.70.

 

Kata kunci: Elektrolit polimer; natrium iodida (NaI); sel suria terpeka pewarna (DSSC); 49% poli(metil metakrilat) cangkukan getah asli (MG49)

ABSTRACT

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated utilizing 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural rubber (MG49) with sodium iodide (NaI) as ion conducting membrane. The effect of NaI concentrations on electrochemical, morphological, chemical interaction and the crystallinity properties of MG49 has been analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The highest ionic conductivity of 8.86 × 10-5 S cm-1 at room temperature for MG49-NaI (30 wt. %) polymer electrolyte membrane is achieved. The cross-sectional morphology showed a homogenous microporous structure of the membrane. Infrared analysis indicated that the interactions occurred between oxygen atoms from ether (C–O–C) and carbonyl (C=O) group of the polymer with sodium ions. XRD analysis showed the property of semi-crystalline phase reduced with the increases of salt concentration. The chronoamperometry analysis of MG49-NaI (30 wt. %) give an ionic transference number value of 0.92, proving that the polymer electrolyte membrane is ionic conductor and predominates by the number of ions presence. A fabricated solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) of FTO/TiO2-N719/MG49-NaI(30 wt. %)-I2/Pt under light intensity of 100 mW cm-2, gives results of the photovoltaic responses with Jsc, Voc, ff and efficiency of 1.30 mA cm-2, 0.56 V, 34.91 and 0.26%, respectively. In quasi-solid DSSC, an effieciency of 3.48% with Voc = 0.75 V, Jsc = 12.71 mA cm-2 and FF = 37.70 was achieved.

 

Keywords: Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC); polymer electrolyte; sodium iodide (NaI); 49% poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG49)

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohdsukor@ukm.edu.my