Sains Malaysiana 48(3)(2019): 645–652

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4803-18

 

Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis Functional Status on Oral and Periodontal Health in a Multi-Ethnic Population

(Kesan Kefungsian Status Artritis Reumatoid ke atas Kesihatan Mulut dan Periodon Penduduk Berbilang Kaum)

NIK-MADIHAH NIK-AZIS^1*, FAZALINA MOHD FADZILAH², MOHD SHAHRIR MOHAMED SAID², BADIAH BAHARIN¹ & NURULHUDA MOHD¹

 

¹Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

²Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 19 April 2018/Diterima: 4 Januari 2019

 

ABSTRACT

Periodontal disease (PD) has both been associated with the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and is also a comorbidity of RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the functional status of RA on oral and periodontal health in a multi-ethnic population. This is a hospital-based, multi-ethnic, observational study. Duration of illness, Disease Activity Score (DAS28), seropositivity and other rheumatological parameters were obtained from the records of RA patients attending the Rheumatology Clinic. Oral health examination was conducted on the subjects. Their functional status was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) which includes categories in ‘dressing’, ‘rising’, ‘eating’, ‘walking’, ‘hygiene’, ‘reach’, ‘grip’ and ‘usual activities’. Data were analysed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson’s Correlation or Spearman’s Rank Correlation Test. The 63 RA patients recruited had a mean disease duration of 10.7 ± 9.85 years with a mean of 19.9 teeth (± 7.18). The severity of PD worsens the longer the patients were suffering from RA (p=0.028). A high frequency (70%) of PD with 27% moderate and 27% severe, was observed. A significant association (p=0.035) was found between the ‘eating’ category of the HAQ and the average periodontal pocket depth. This study shows that there is a higher prevalence and severity of PD among RA patients in the selected population. The impact of functional status on periodontal health is mostly in the ‘eating’ category of the HAQ where patients reporting a disability in eating had higher average periodontal pocket depth.

 

Keywords: Function; health assessment questionnaire; periodontal disease; Rheumatoid Arthritis

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian terkini mengaitkan penyakit periodon (PD) sama ada sebagai punca penyakit Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) atau sebagai kesan daripada penyakit RA. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesan keupayaan dan fungsi dalam kalangan pesakit RA ke atas PD dalam populasi yang terdiri daripada pelbagai etnik. Kajian ini merupakan kajian keratan rentas berpusat di hospital. Jangka masa penyakit, Disease Activity Score (DAS28), status seropositif dan lain-lain maklumat perubatan diperoleh daripada rekod pesakit RA yang hadir ke klinik reumatologi. Pemeriksaan mulut turut dijalankan. Keupayaan fungsi pesakit dinilai menggunakan Soal Selidik Penilaian Kesihatan (HAQ) yang mempunyai kategori ‘memakai pakaian’, ‘bangun’, ‘makan’, ‘berjalan’, ‘kebersihan’, ‘jangkauan’, ‘genggaman’ dan ‘aktiviti harian’. Data dianalisis menggunakan ujian ANOVA atau Kruskal-Wallis serta Korelasi Pearson atau Korelasi Tingkat Spearman. 63 pesakit RA yang dikaji mempunyai purata penyakit 10.7 ± 9.85 tahun dan purata gigi 19.9 batang (± 7.18). Semakin lama pesakit menderita dengan penyakit RA, penyakit PD didapati menjadi lebih serius (p=0.028). Pesakit RA juga mempunyai PD dengan frekuensi yang tinggi (70%) dengan 27% adalah sederhana dan 27% pula serius. Terdapat kaitan yang signifikan (p=0.035) antara kategori ‘makan’ di dalam HAQ dan purata kedalaman poket periodon. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa frekuensi penyakit PD dalam kalangan pesakit RA adalah lebih tinggi dan lebih serius. Pesakit yang mempunyai keupayaan dan fungsi ‘makan’ yang terjejas juga didapati mempunyai kedalaman poket periodon lebih tinggi.

 

Kata kunci: Fungsi dan keupayaan; soal selidik penilaian kesihatan; penyakit periodontal; Rheumatoid Arthritis

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nikmadihah@ukm.edu.my