Sains Malaysiana 49(9)(2020): 2053-2063

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4909-03

Short Term Gold-Mine Tailings Exposure Induced Growth and Photosynthesis of Philippine Tung (Reutealis trisperma [Blanco])

(Pendedahan Amang Lombong Emas Jangka Pendek Teraruh Pertumbuhan dan Fotosintesis Philippine Tung (Reutealis trisperma [Blanco]))

HAMIM HAMIM¹*, DIBYO PRANOWO², LULUK SETYANINGSIH³, MUHAMMAD HILMI⁴ & DEDEN SAPRUDIN⁵

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agathis, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia

²Research Institute for Industrial and Refreshing Crops (Balittri), Indonesian Agency for Agricultural, Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic of Indonesia, Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia

³Faculty of Forestry, University of Nusa Bangsa, Bogor, Indonesia

⁴School of Vocation, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

⁵Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 15 Januari 2020/Diterima: 7 Mei 2020

Abstract

Philippine Tung (Reutealis trisperma [Blanco] Airy Shaw) is one of non-edible oil producing plant resistant to unfavorable conditions and therefore this plant has prospective role to be used in phytoremediation program on gold post-mined area. The experiment aimed to analyze photosynthesis and growth of R. trisperma plants in response to short term gold-mine tailing treatment in polybag experiment. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with two factors and 5 replications. The first factor was five varieties of R. trisperma (M1, M2, D1, D2 and HR) and the second factor was gold-mine tailings treatment comprised 0, 25, 50, and 100% of tailings which was applied in combination with mixed compost and soil 1:3 (v/v) as a basic media. Plant growth and physiological characters were observed after 6 weeks of the treatment. The result showed that even though malondialdehyde (MDA) of R. trisperma leaves increased slightly, but the plants treated with gold-mine tailing had higher photosynthetic rate than that of the control (untreated) plants, which resulted in the improvement of root and shoot growth up to 70 and 90%, respectively. Higher content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in gold-mine tailing may have positive effect to R. trisperma indicated by photosynthesis and growth enhancement which suggests the plant tolerance to gold-mine tailings.

Keywords: Gold-mine tailing; heavy metal stress; photosynthesis; phytoremediation; Reutealis trisperma

Abstrak

Philippine Tung (Reutealis trisperma [Blanco] Airy Shaw) adalah salah satu daripada tumbuhan hasilan minyak yang tidak dapat dimakan yang tahan terhadap keadaan yang kurang baik dan oleh itu tumbuhan ini mempunyai peranan yang akan digunakan dalam program fitopemulihan pada kawasan pasca lombong emas. Uji kaji ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fotosintesis dan pertumbuhan tumbuhan R. trisperma sebagai tindak balas terhadap rawatan amang emas jangka pendek dalam percubaan polibeg. Uji kaji ini dijalankan menggunakan reka Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor dan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah lima jenis R. trisperma (M1, M2, D1, D2 dan HR) dan faktor kedua adalah rawatan amang lombong emas terdiri daripada 0, 25, 50 dan 100% amang yang digunakan dalam gabungan dengan campuran kompos dan tanah 1: 3 (v/v) sebagai media asas. Pertumbuhan tumbuhan dan watak fisiologi diperhatikan selepas 6 minggu rawatan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahawa walaupun kandungan malondialdehida (MDA) daun R. trisperma meningkat sedikit, namun tumbuh-tumbuhan yang dirawat dengan amang emas mempunyai kadar fotosintesis yang lebih tinggi daripada tanaman kawalan (tidak dirawat), yang mengakibatkan peningkatan akar dan pucuk pertumbuhan masing-masing sehingga 70 dan 90%. Kandungan Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn dan Mn yang lebih tinggi dalam amang lombong emas mungkin mempunyai kesan positif kepada R. trisperma yang ditunjukkan oleh fotosintesis dan peningkatan pertumbuhan yang menunjukkan toleransi tumbuhan R. trisperma kepada amang lombong emas.

Kata kunci: Amang lombong emas; fitopemulihan; fotosintesis; Reutealis trisperm; tegasan logam berat

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hamim@apps.ipb.ac.id