Sains Malaysiana 49(9)(2020): 2151-2158

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4909-13

Microplastic Ingestion by Periwinkle Snail Littoraria scabra and Mangrove Crab Metopograpsus quadridentata in Pramuka Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

(Pengingesan Mikroplastik daripada Siput Periwinkel Littoraria scabra dan Ketam Nipah Metopograpsus quadridentate di Pulau Pramuka, Teluk Jakarta, Indonesia)

MUFTI PETALA PATRIA*, CLARA ALVERINA SANTOSO & NURMA TSABITA

Department of Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus FMIPA-UI, Depok 1642, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 15 Januari 2020/Diterima: 7 Mei 2020

ABSTRACT

Microplastic has been known to contaminate our marine environment. This research aim was to determine the abundance of microplastic in mangrove periwinkle snail Littoraria scabra and mangrove crab Metopograpsus quadridentata in Pramuka Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Pramuka Island was chosen as the research site because this island is densely populated and received waste from Jakarta Bay. Samples of mangrove snails were taken by purposive random sampling method of 10 individuals with shell lengths ranging from 1.5 to 2.7 cm, and 9 individuals crab with circa 6 cm carapace wide were collected. Analysis of microplastic abundance was done by isolating microplastic in each sample. Isolation in the sample was done by dissolving tissue of animals in a 65% nitric acid (HNO₃) solution for 24 h and sodium chloride (NaCl) was added to increase density of solution. Sample was observed under microscope. The results obtained 3 types of microplastic found in the body of snail (fiber, film, and fragment) and 4 types in crab (fiber, film, fragment, and granula). Fiber has the highest percentage in snail (66.89%) and crab (68.72%). The average of microplastic abundance were 86.88 particles/individual in snail and 327.56 particles/individual in crab, respectively. This result indicated that the coastal area of Pramuka Island has been polluted by the microplastics. There was positive correlation between microplastic abundance and the body weight of snail (r=0.9778), and body weight of crab (r=0.9193).

Keywords: Fiber; Jakarta; mangrove; microplastic; snail

Abstrak

Mikroplastik telah dikenali sebagai bahan pencemar kepada laut kita. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah mikroplastik pada siput periwinkel Littoraria scabra dan ketam nipah Metopograpsus quadridentata di Pulau Pramuka, Teluk Jakarta, Indonesia. Pulau Pramuka dipilih dalam kajian ini kerana pulau ini berpenduduk padat dan menerima limpahan sampah dari kota Jakarta. Sampel siput periwinkle diambil secara kaedah persampelan tujuan rawak sebanyak 10 individu dengan panjang cangkerang 1.5-2.7 cm dan 9 individu ketam nipah dengan lebar karapas sekitar 6 cm. Analisis mikroplastik dijalankan dengan proses isolasi mikroplastik pada setiap sampel. Isolasi dalam sampel dijalankan dengan melarutkan tisu haiwan pada larutan asid nitrik (HNO₃) 65% dan natrium klorida (NaCl) ditambah untuk meningkatkan ketumpatan larutan. Sampel diperhati di bawah mikroskop. Keputusan kajian yang diperoleh menunjukkan 3 jenis mikroplastik yang ditemui dalam badan siput (fiber, filem dan serpihan) dan 4 jenis ditemui dalam ketam (fiber, filem, serpihan dan butiran). Bahan fiber merupakan peratus tertinggi di dalam siput (66.89%) dan ketam (68.72%). Purata mikroplastik terkumpul adalah 86.88 zarah/individu dalam siput dan 327.56 zarah/individu dalam ketam. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kawasan pesisir di Pulau Pramuka telah dicemari dengan mikroplastik. Terdapat korelasi positif antara mikroplastik terkumpul dan berat badan siput (r=0.9778) serta berat badan ketam (r=0.9193).

Kata kunci: Gentian; Jakarta; mikroplastik; paya bakau; siput

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mpatria@sci.ui.ac.id