Sains Malaysiana 50(5)(2021): 1407-1414

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-19

Pterostilbene Supplementation Inhibits Early Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in UVB-Induced BALB/C Mice

(Suplementasi Pterostilbene Merencat Tindak Balas Keradangan Awal dan Tekanan Oksidatif pada Tikus BALB/C yang Diaruh-UVB)

TAVA SHELAN NAGAPAN¹, WENNA NALLANCE LIM¹, AHMAD ROHI GHAZALI¹ & DAYANG FREDALINA BASRI²*

¹Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigations, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 6 Januari 2020/Diterima: 29 September 2020

ABSTRACT

Extended dermal exposure of ultraviolet B (UVB) can induce erythema, hyperpigmentation, epidermal hyperplasia and cancer. Natural active compound such as pterostilbene (PS) is a potential UV-protecting agent as it has broad biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the photoprotective effect of pterostilbene on ultraviolet-B-induced BALB/c mice. Twenty-four female mice were randomised into four groups (n=6/group): vehicle control (VC); UVB irradiated only (UVB only); UVB irradiation treated with pterostilbene 10 mg/kg (PS10+UVB); (iv) UVB irradiation treated with pterostilbene 20 mg/kg (PS20+UVB). The PS treatments were given for 14 days, and UVB was given at dose 250 mJ/cm² on days 9, 11, and 13 of the treatment periods. The results showed that PS lessened redness and scaling on the skin of UVB-irradiated mice. The skinfold thickness and epidermal thickness in the PS-treated group were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in comparison with those in the UVB only group. The PS10 and PS20 groups (5.927 ± 0.354 and 5.660 ± 0.765 nmol/g, respectively) demonstrated significantly decreased MDA levels (P<0.05) relative to the UVB only group (13.343 ± 1.350 nmol/g). The GSH level in both PS10 (0.555 ± 0.020 µmol/mg) and PS20 (0.568 ± 0.055 µmol/mg) groups increased significantly (p<0.05) compared with that in the UVB only group (0.376 ± 0.025 µmol/mg). SOD activity in the PS20 group (1.388 ± 0.172 U/min/mg) increased significantly (p<0.05) compared with that in the UVB only group (0.561 ± 0.034 U/min/mg). Histological observation showed that PS reduced leukocyte infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia. Hence, oral PS may exert a photoprotective effect by acting as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent on UVB-irradiated mice skin.

Keywords: Inflammation; oxidative stress; photoprotection; pterostilbene; UVB

ABSTRAK

Pendedahan kulit terhadap cahaya ultraungu B (UVB) secara berpanjangan boleh menyebabkan eritema, hiper-pigmentasi, hiperplasia epidermis dan kanser. Sebatian aktif semula jadi seperti pterostilbene (PS) berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai agen perlindungan UV kerana ia mempunyai aktiviti biologi yang luas. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan pemfotolindungan pterostilbene terhadap tikus yang diaruh sinaran UVB. Dua puluh empat ekor tikus betina dibahagikan kepada empat kumpulan secara rawak: kumpulan kawalan negatif (n=6), tanpa sinaran UVB dan rawatan; disinarkan UVB sahaja (n=6); disinarkan UVB dan dirawat dengan pterostilbene 10 mg/kg (PS10+UVB); disinarkan UVB dan dirawat dengan pterostilbene 20 mg/kg (PS20+UVB). Rawatan PS diberikan selama 14 hari, manakala pendedahan kepada UVB diberikan dengan dos 250 mJ/cm² pada hari ke-9, -11, dan -13 dalam tempoh rawatan. PS telah mengurangkan kulit bersisik dan eritema pada tikus aruhan UVB. PS telah mengurangkan ketebalan lipatan kulit tikus secara signifikan (p <0.05) berbanding dengan kumpulan tikus yang disinarkan UVB sahaja. Ketebalan epidermis juga menurun dengan signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding dengan kumpulan UVB sahaja. Kumpulan PS10 (5.927±0.354 nmol/g) dan PS20 (5.660±0.765 nmol/g) telah menunjukkan penurunan paras MDA yang signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan tikus yang disinarkan UVB sahaja (13.343 ± 1.350 nmol/g). Aras GSH bagi kumpulan PS10 (0.555±0.02 μmol/mol) dan PS20 (0.568 ± 0.055 μmol/mol) telah meningkat secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding dengan kumpulan tikus yang disinarkan UVB sahaja (0.376±0.026 μmol/mol). Kumpulan PS20 (1.388±0.171 U/min/mg) telah menunjukkan peningkatan aktiviti SOD secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding dengan kumpulan tikus yang disinarkan UVB sahaja (0.561±0.034 U/min/mg). Pemerhatian histologi menunjukkan bahawa PS mengurangkan penyusupan leukosit dan hiperplasia epidermis. Oleh itu, PS oral boleh memberikan kesan pemfotolindungan dengan bertindak sebagai agen anti-radang dan antioksidan pada kulit tikus yang disinarkan UVB.

Kata kunci: Keradangan; pemfotolindungan; pterostilbene; tekanan oksidatif; UVB

RUJUKAN

Author, kindly assist to provide details for these references. Afaq (2011), Gonzales-Castañeda et al. (2011), Chen et al. (2017), Lin et al. (2009), Wang et al. (2018), Acharya & Ghaskadbi (2013); Hasiah et al. (2011). Thank you.

Afaq, F. & Mukhtar, H. 2006. Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Experimental Dermatology 15(9): 678-684.

Auffray, B. 2007. Protection against singlet oxygen, the main actor of sebum squalene peroxidation during sun exposure, using Commiphora myrrha essential oil. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 29(1): 23-29.

Beyer, W.F. & Fridovich, I. 1987. Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: Some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Analytical Biochemistry 161(2): 559-566.

Chakraborty, A., Gupta, N., Ghosh, K. & Roy, P. 2010. In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant properties of pterostilbene isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. Toxicology in Vitro 24(4): 1215-1228.

D’Orazio, J., Jarrett, S., Amaro-Ortiz, A. & Scott, T. 2013. UV radiation and the skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14(6): 12222-12248.

El-abaseri, T.B., Putta, S. & Hansen, L.A. 2006. Ultraviolet irradiation induces keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia through the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Carcinogenesis 27(2): 225-231.

Ellman, G.L. 1959. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 82(1): 70-77.

Ferrer, P., Asensi, M., Segarra, R., Ortega, A., Benlloch, M., Obrador, E., Varea, M.T., Asensio, G., Jordá, L. & Estrela, J.M. 2005. Association between pterostilbene and quercetin inhibits metastatic activity of B16 melanoma. Neoplasia 7(1): 37-47.

Ghazali, A.R., Ong, S.K., Hasiah, A.H. & Kamarulzaman, F. 2012. Effects of pterostilbene on o-deethylation and glutathione conjugation of drug metabolizing enzyme activities. Pharmacologia 3(9): 456-461.

Kapetanovic, I.M., Muzzio, M., Huang, Z., Thompson, T.N. & McCormick, D.L. 2011. Pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, and metabolic profile of resveratrol and its dimethylether analog, pterostilbene, in rats. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 68(3): 593-601.

Kim, H.K. 2016. Garlic supplementation ameliorates UV-Induced photoaging in hairless mice by regulating antioxidative activity and MMPs expression. Molecules 21(1): 70-82.

Lee, M.F., Liu, M.L., Cheng, A.L., Tsai, M.L., Ho, C.T., Liou, W.S. & Pan, M.H. 2012. Pterostilbene inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Food Chemistry 138(2-3): 802-807.

Ma, Z., Zhang, X., Xu, L., Liu, D., Di, S., Li, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Li, X., Han, J. & Yan, X. 2019. Pterostilbene: Mechanisms of its action as oncostatic agent in cell models and in vivo studies. Pharmacological Research 145: 104265.

Marrot, L. & Meunier, J. 2008. Skin DNA photodamage and its biological consequences. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 58(5): 139-148.

McCormack, D. & McFadden, D. 2013. A review of pterostilbene antioxidant activity and disease modification. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013: 575482.

Mogensen, M. & Jemec, G.B. 2010. The potential carcinogenic risk of tanning beds: Clinical guidelines and patient safety advice. Cancer Management and Research 2: 277-282.

Nagapan, T.S., Lim, W.N., Basri, D.F. & Ghazali, A.R. 2019. Oral supplementation of L-glutathione prevents UVB-induced melanogenesis and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice. Experimental Animals 68(4): 541-548.

Nagapan, T.S., Ghazali, A.R., Basri, D.F. & Lim, W.N. 2018a. Photoprotective effect of stilbenes and its derivatives against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin disorders. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11(3): 1199-1208.

Nagapan, T.S., Ghazali, A.R., Basri, D.F. & Lim, W.N. 2018b. Oral administration of resveratrol ameliorates epidermal hyperplasia in ultraviolet B irradiated BALB/c mice. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 8(10): 47-52.

Park, J.M., Cho, J.K., Mok, J.Y., Jeon, I.H., Kim, H.S., Kang, H.J. & Jang, S.I. 2012. Protective effect of astragalin and quercetin on ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated damage in HaCaT cells and BALB/C mice. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 55(3): 443-446.

Petrova, A., Davids, L.M., Rautenbach, F. & Marnewick, J.L. 2011. Photoprotection by honeybush extracts, hesperidin and mangiferin against UVB-induced skin damage in SKH-1 mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 103(2): 126-139.

Ramasamy, K., Shanmugam, M., Balupillai, A., Govindhasamy, K., Gunaseelan, S., Muthusamy, G., Robert, B.M. & Nagarajan, R.P. 2017. Ultraviolet radiation-induced carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and experimental models. Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research 8(1): 4-19.

Sawane, M., Kidoya, H., Muramatsu, F., Takakura, N. & Kajiya, K. 2011. Apelin attenuates UVB-induced edema and inflammation by promoting vessel function. The American Journal of Pathology 179(6): 2691-2697.

Singh, P., Arora, D. & Shukla, Y. 2017. Enhanced chemoprevention by the combined treatment of pterostilbene and lupeol in B[a]P-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis. Food and Chemical Toxicology 99: 182-189.

Sirerol, J.A., Feddi, F., Mena, S., Rodriguez, M.L., Sirera, P., Aupí, M., Pérez, S., Asensi, M., Ortega, A. & Estrela, J.M. 2015. Topical treatment with pterostilbene, a natural phytoalexin, effectively protects hairless mice against UVB radiation-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 85: 1-11.

Stocks, J. & Dormandy, T.L. 1971. The autoxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. British Journal of Haematology 20(1): 95-111.

Wacker, M. & Holick, M.F. 2013. Sunlight and vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinology 5(1): 51-108.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: dayang@ukm.edu.my