Sains Malaysiana 42(11)(2013): 1605–1612

Piper sarmentosum Water Extract Attenuates Diabetic Complications

in Streptozotocin induced Sprague-Dawley Rats

(Ekstrak Air Piper sarmentosum Mengurangkan Komplikasi Diabetes dalam

Tikus Sprague-Dawley Teraruh Streptozotocin)

Farida Hussan*, Nur Nazilah Bt Mat Zin, Mohd Ramdzi Bin Zullkefli, Yow Siew Choon,

Noor Adibah Bt Abdullah & Teoh Seong Lin

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 1 August 2012/Accepted: 25 January 2013

ABSTRACT

Piper sarmentosum has been shown to possess antihyperglycemic effect. The effect of water extract of PS leaves was determined on the diabetic complications in streptozotocin induced rats. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats (n=18) were randomly divided into three groups with six rats each, namely, control, diabetic untreated and PS treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced with intramuscular injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Ten days following the induction, the diabetes was confirmed with fasting blood sugar level more than 8 mmol/L and PS extract was administered orally (0.125 g/kg) for 28 days. The left kidneys were collected to analyze. The body weight and kidney weight index showed significant differences between control and diabetic groups (p<0.05). However, the lesser extent of body weight gain was observed in diabetic group compared with the control groups. The fasting blood sugar level was reduced in PS treated group. The percent area occupied by the glomerulus over a renal corpuscle was found to be 74.5% in DPS, 72% in DNT and 75% in C group; however it was statistically insignificant. Histological study revealed marked inflammatory cells infiltration and glomeruli contraction with widened urinary spaces revealed in DNT group following 28 days of hyperglycemic state whereas the DPS group showed features of improvement. The water extract of PS leaves has the potential preventive effect on the diabetic nephropathy by reducing hyperglycemia.

Keywords: Diabetic nephropathies; Piper sarmentosum; streptozotocin

ABSTRAK

Piper sarmentosum telah terbukti mempunyai kesan antihiperglisemik. Kesan ekstrak air daun PS telah ditentukan ke atas komplikasi diabetes dalam tikus teraruh streptozotocin. Lapan belas tikus Sprague Dawley jantan (n = 18) telah dibahagikan secara rawak kepada tiga kumpulan dengan enam tikus masing-masing, iaitu kumpulan kawalan, kencing manis tidak dirawat dan kencing manis dirawat PS (DPS). Diabetes diaruh dengan suntikan STZ (50 mg/kg) secara intramuskular. Sepuluh hari selepas induksi, diabetes telah disahkan dengan paras gula darah ketika berpuasa lebih daripada 8 mmol/L dan ekstrak PS telah diberi secara oral (0.125 g/kg) selama 28 hari. Buah pinggang kiri dikumpulkan untuk dianalisis. Berat badan dan indeks berat buah pinggang menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan antara kumpulan kawalan dan diabetes (p<0.05). Walau bagaimanapun, sedikit peningkatan berat badan diperhatikan dalam kumpulan diabetes berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. Aras gula darah ketika berpuasa menurun dalam kumpulan dirawat PS. Peratus kawasan yang diduduki oleh glomerulus ke atas kopusel buah pinggang adalah 74.5% dalam DPS, 72% dalam DNT dan 75% dalam kumpulan C, namun ia tidak signifikan secara saintifik. Kajian histologi mendedahkan infiltrasi sel inflamatori dan penguncupan glomerulus dengan ruang urinari yang lebih lebar dalam kumpulan DNT selepas 28 hari berada dalam keadaan hiperglisemik manakala kumpulan DPS menunjukkan ciri-ciri penambahbaikan. Ekstrak air daun PS mempunyai potensi kesan pencegahan pada nefropati diabetes dengan mengurangkan hiperglisemia.

Kata kunci: Nefropati diabetes; Piper sarmentosum; streptozotocin

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*Corresponding author; email: khinpapah@gmail.com