Sains Malaysiana 43(4)(2014): 521–528

Bioconcentration and Translocation Efficiency of Metals in Paddy (Oryza sativa):

A Case Study from Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia

(Biopemekatan dan Kecekapan Translokasi Unsur Logam dalam Padi (Oryza sativa):

Suatu Kajian Kes dari Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia)

LOOI LEY JUEN, AHMAD ZAHARIN ARIS*, LIM WAN YING & HAZZEMAN HARIS

Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 13 December 2012/Accepted: 15 July 2013

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to measure and compares the concentration of metals accumulated in various parts (grains, stems and roots) of paddy (Oryza sativa). Thirty samples were collected from selected paddy field in Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. Metals (⁷⁵As, ⁹Be, ¹¹⁴Cd, ⁵⁹Co, ⁵²Cr and ²⁰⁸Pb) concentration in various parts of the paddy and soil were analysed by using the sensitive Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation ratio were calculated based on the concentration of metals obtained. The mean concentration (mg/kg) of metals in grain samples were 0.06±0.12 for ⁷⁵As, 0.0038±0.0037 for ⁹Be, 0.01±0.01 for ¹¹⁴Cd, 0.14±0.19 for ⁵⁹Co and 0.21±0.15 for ²⁰⁸Pb while ⁵²Cr concentration in all samples were below the ICP-MS detection limit. From the calculated translocation ratio, absorption of paddy plant had relation: root > stem >> grain. This study showed that measured concentration of metals in grain samples were all below the maximum permitted proportion (mg/kg) of Fourteenth Schedule (Regulation 38) of the Malaysian Food Regulation 1985.

Keywords: Bioconcentration factor (BCF); metals; paddy (Oryza sativa); translocation ratio

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan membandingkan kepekatan unsur logam yang terkumpul di dalam pelbagai bahagian (bijian, batang dan akar) padi (Oryza sativa). Tiga puluh sampel telah dikumpulkan dari sawah padi yang terpilih di Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. Kepekatan unsur logam (⁷⁵As, ⁹Be, ¹¹⁴Cd, ⁵⁹Co, ⁵²Cr and ²⁰⁸Pb) dalam pelbagai bahagian padi dan tanah telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan peralatan sensitif Spektrometri Jisim-Plasma Gandingan Induktif (ICP-MS). Faktor biopemekatan (BCF) dan nisbah translokasi telah dikira berdasarkan kepekatan logam yang diperoleh. Purata kepekatan (mg/kg) unsur logam dalam sampel bijian adalah 0.06±0.12 untuk ⁷⁵As, 0.0038±0.0037 untuk ⁹Be, 0.01±0.01 untuk ¹¹⁴Cd, 0.14±0.19 untuk ⁵⁹Co dan 0.21±0.15 untuk ²⁰⁸Pb manakala ⁵²Cr kepekatan dalam semua sampel adalah di bawah had pengesanan ICP-MS. Daripada nisbah translokasi yang dikira, hubungan penyerapan padi: akar > batang >> bijian. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kepekatan unsur logam dalam sampel padi yang diukur adalah di bawah nisbah maksimum yang dibenarkan (mg/kg) oleh Jadual Keempat Belas (Peraturan 38) Peraturan-Peraturan Makanan Malaysia 1985.

Kata kunci: Faktor biopemekatan (BCF); nisbah translokasi; padi (Oryza sativa); unsur logam

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*Corresponding author; email: zaharin@upm.edu.my