Sains Malaysiana 45(2)(2016): 255–262

Impregnation of Sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) Wood with Phenol Formaldehyde and Nanoclay Admixture: Effect on Fungal Decay and Termites Attack

(Rawatan Kayu Sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) dengan Menggunakan Campuran Fenol

Formaldehid dan Lempung Nano: Kesan ke atas Kulat Reput dan Serangan Anai-Anai)

F.L. Nabil¹, A. Zaidon*², U.M.K. Anwar³, E.S. Bakar², S.H. Lee² & M.T. Paridah¹

¹Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Forest Production, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 11 May 2015/Accepted: 13 August 2015

ABSTRACT

The aimed of this study was to evaluate the resistance of sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) wood, treated using admixture of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (LmwPF) resin and nanoclay, against white rot fungus (Pycnoporus sanguineus) and subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). Seven sample groups including untreated sesenduk wood and treated sesenduk wood using 10, 15 and 20% LmwPF resin and the admixture of the 1.5% nanoclay with every level of resin concentrations. Air-dried samples were impregnated using vacuum-pressure process. After impregnation, the treated samples were heated in an oven at 150°C for 30 min. Five test blocks from each treatment group were tested separately against P. sanguineus and C. curvignathus in accordance with AWPA E10-12 and AWPA E1-13 standards, respectively. The results showed that both treatments had significant effects on the percentage weight loss and decay rate of the samples. The weight loss due to termite attack was found reduce with the increasing PF concentration. Generally, the addition of 1.5% nanoclay in PF resin slightly increased the resistance against both deteriorating agents compared to the wood treated using PF alone. It was found that the PF resin can be used as an effective method to improve the durability of sesenduk wood.

Keywords: Coptotermes curvignathus; nanoclay; phenolic resin; Pycnoporus sanguineus; sesenduk

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menilai rintangan kayu sesenduk (Endospermum diadenum) yang dirawat dengan menggunakan campuran resin fenol formaldehid berkeberatan molekul rendah (LmwPF) dan lempung nano, terhadap kulat reput putih (Pycnoporus sanguineus) dan anai-anai bawah tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). Tujuh kumpulan sampel termasuk kayu sesenduk yang tidak dirawat dan kayu sesenduk yang dirawat dengan menggunakan 10, 15 dan 20% LmwPF serta campuran 1.5% lempung nano bagi setiap kepekatan resin. Sampel kering telah dirawat dengan menggunakan proses tekanan vakum. Selepas rawatan, sampel yang telah dirawat dipanaskan dalam ketuhar pada 150°C selama 30 min. Lima blok ujian daripada setiap kumpulan rawatan telah diuji secara berasingan terhadap P. sanguineus dan C. curvignathus masing-masing mengikut standard AWPA E10-12 dan AWPA E1-13. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua rawatan mempunyai kesan yang ketara ke atas peratusan kehilangan berat dan kadar kemerosotan sampel. Kehilangan berat sampel akibat serangan anai-anai berkurangan dengan peningkatan kepekatan PF. Secara amnya, penambahan sebanyak 1.5% lempung nano dalam resin PF meningkatkan rintangan kayu terhadap kedua-dua ejen kemerosotan berbanding dengan kayu yang dirawat dengan menggunakan PF sahaja. Kesimpulannya, resin PF boleh digunakan sebagai kaedah yang berkesan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan kayu sesenduk.

Kata kunci: Coptotermes curvignathus; lempung nano; Pycnoporus sanguineus; resin fenolik; sesenduk

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*Corresponding author; email: zaidon@upm.edu.my