Sains Malaysiana 46(4)(2017): 645–653

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4604-18

Effect of Substitution of Normal Weight Coarse Aggregate with Oil-Palm-Boiler Clinker on Properties of Concrete

(Kesan Penggantian Agregat Kasar Berat Biasa dengan Klinker Dandang Kelapa-Sawit ke atas Sifat Konkrit)

LEE JIN CHAI^1,2, PAYAM SHAFIGH^{3, 4*}, HILMI MAHMUD¹ & MUHAMMAD ASLAM¹

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University

Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Department of Building Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

⁴Center for Building, Construction & Tropical Architecture (BuCTA), Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 5 January 2016/Accepted: 6 September 2016

ABSTRACT

Oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBC) is an agricultural solid waste sourced from the palm oil industry in tropical regions. This study investigates the use of OPBC as coarse aggregate instead of conventional coarse aggregates to produce a greener concrete, which will help in implementing sustainable construction practices by reducing the usage of raw materials. For this purpose, normal weight coarse aggregates was substituted with dry OPBC aggregates up to 75% (by volume) in a high strength normal weight concrete. The effectiveness of this substitution on the properties of the concrete such as workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity was studied. The slump test results showed that using OPBC in dry condition reduced the workability of the concrete and therefore can be used up to 50% of the total volume of coarse aggregate. Concrete containing 50% OPBC can be considered as semi-lightweight concrete with high strength. Using OPBC in concrete reduced the splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, however, the reduction was not significant.

Keywords: Lightweight aggregate; lightweight aggregate concrete; mechanical properties; oil-palm-boiler clinker

ABSTRAK

Klinker dandang kelapa-sawit (OPBC) adalah sisa pepejal pertanian yang diperoleh daripada industri kelapa sawit di kawasan tropika. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji penggunaan OPBC sebagai agregat kasar dan bukan sebagai agregat kasar konvensional untuk penghasilan konkrit lebih hijau yang akan membantu dalam melaksanakan amalan pembinaan mampan dengan mengurangkan penggunaan bahan mentah. Bagi tujuan ini, berat normal agregat kasar digantikan dengan agregat OPBC kering sehingga 75% (isi padu) dalam konkrit kekuatan tinggi berat normal. Keberkesanan penggantian ini pada sifat konkrit kebolehkerjaan, ketumpatan, kekuatan mampatan, kekuatan pemecahbelahan tegangan dan modulus keanjalan turut dikaji. Keputusan ujian nendat menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan OPBC dalam keadaan kering mengurangkan kebolehkerjaan konkrit dan oleh yang demikian, OPBC boleh digunakan sehingga 50% daripada jumlah bilangan agregat kasar. Konkrit yang mengandungi 50% OPBC boleh dianggap sebagai konkrit yang separa ringan dengan kekuatan tinggi. Penggunaan OPBC dalam konkrit mengurangkan kekuatan pemecahbelahan tegangan dan modulus keanjalan, walau bagaimanapun, pengurangan adalah tidak ketara.

Kata kunci: Agregat ringan; agregat ringan konkrit; klinker dandang kelapa sawit; sifat mekanik

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*Corresponding author; email: pshafigh@gmail.com