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Sains Malaysiana 46(8)(2017): 1171–1181
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4608-02
The Potential Use of Oil Palm Frond Mulch Treated with Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Malaysian Coconut
Plantation
(Potensi Penggunaan
Sungkup Pelepah
Kelapa Sawit yang Dirawat dengan Imazethapyr untuk Mengawal Rumpai Ladang Kelapa di Malaysia)
DILIPKUMAR MASILAMANY1, MAZIRA CHE MAT2 & CHUAH TSE SENG2*
1Inbred Rice Program,
Rice Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
(MARDI), MARDI Seberang Perai,
13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
2School of Food Science
and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 12 Oktober 2016/Diterima: 4 Januari
2017
ABSTRACT
Introduction of new
weed management strategy for coconut plantation in Malaysia is
essential since the current weed control methods are less effective
and highly herbicide dependent, thus leading to development of
herbicide resistance in weeds as well as environmental and human
health concerns. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the
phytotoxic effects of oil palm frond mulch treated with imazethapyr at a reduced rate on weed emergence and growth.
The results of glasshouse experiments have shown that imazethapyr
at 12 g a.i. ha-1
in combination with oil palm residues of leaflet
(OPL),
rachis (OPR) or frond (OPF) at rates of 1.4-1.8 t ha-1
inhibited Eleusine
indica emergence and growth
by 90-100%, implying that imazethapyr
is compatible with oil palm residue mulches. In the field experiment,
hand weeding followed by OPF at 3.4 t ha-1
treated with imazethapyr
at 24 g a.i. ha-1 have demonstrated excellent control
of Mikania micrantha, Asystasia
gangetica, Phyllanthus
amarus, Panicum
sp. and Echinochloa colona
by reducing their total dry weight up to 95% at three months
after treatment. The present results suggested that the integration
of chemical, physical and mechanical methods can provide effective
weed control in the coconut plantation for months.
Keywords: Coconut
plantation; imazethapyr; Malaysia; mulch-herbicide
interaction; oil palm frond
ABSTRAK
Pengenalan strategi pengurusan
rumpai baharu
untuk ladang kelapa
di Malaysia adalah penting
memandangkan kaedah kawalan rumpai sedia ada kurang
berkesan dan
sangat bergantung kepada racun rumpai,
sekaligus membawa
kepada pembangunan daya tahun racun
rumpai ke
atas rumpai serta
kebimbangan kepada
alam sekitar dan
kesihatan manusia. Oleh itu,
kajian ini bertujuan
untuk menilai
kesan fitotoksik sungkup pelepah kelapa sawit yang dirawat dengan imazethapyr pada kadar yang lebih
rendah untuk
mengawal kemunculan dan pertumbuhan rumpai. Keputusan uji kaji rumah
kaca telah
menunjukkan bahawa imazethapyr pada 12 g a.i. ha-1 yang
dicampur dengan
sisa anak daun
kelapa sawit
(OPL),
rakis (OPR) atau
pelepah (OPF) pada
kadar 1.4-1.8 t ha-1
merencat kemunculan dan pertumbuhan Eleusine indica sebanyak 90-100%, yang menunjukkan
bahawa imazethapyr
adalah serasi dengan
sisa sungkup
kelapa sawit. Dalam
kajian lapangan,
merumput diikuti OPF pada kadar 3.4 t ha-1
yang telah dirawat
dengan imazethapyr pada 24 g a.i. ha-1
menunjukkan kawalan yang cemerlang untukMikania micrantha,
Asystasia gangetica, Phyllanthus
amarus, Panicum
sp. dan
Echinochloa colona dengan berkurangnya jumlah berat kering sehingga
95% selama tiga
bulan selepas rawatan.
Keputusan
kajian ini mencadangkan
bahawa integrasi
kaedah kimia, fizikal
dan mekanik
berkesan mengawal rumpai di ladang kelapa untuk berbulan-bulan
lamanya.
Kata kunci: Imazethapyr; interaksi sungkupan-racun rumpai; ladang kelapa; Malaysia; pelepah kelapa sawit
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chuahts@umt.edu.my
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