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Sains Malaysiana 46(8)(2017): 1259–1267 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4608-11
California Bearing Ratio Tests of Enzyme-treated
Sedimentary Residual Soil Show No Improvement (Ujian Nisbah Bearing California ke atas Sedimen Sisa Tanih Terawat Enzim Menunjukkan Tiada Sebarang Penambahbaikan)
TANVEER AHMED KHAN1*, MOHD RAIHAN TAHA1,2, ALI ASGHAR FIROOZI1 & ALI AKBAR FIROOZI1
1Department of Civil
and Structural Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Institute for
Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 18 October 2015/Accepted: 7 February 2017
ABSTRACT
Environmental concerns
have significantly influenced the construction industry regarding
the identification and use of environmentally sustainable construction
materials. In this context, enzymes (organic materials) have been
introduced recently for ground improvement projects such as pavements
and embankments. The present experimental study was carried out
in order to evaluate the compressive strength of a sedimentary
residual soil treated with three different types of enzymes, as
assessed through a California bearing ratio (CBR)
test. Controlled untreated and treated soil samples containing
four dosages (the recommended dose and two, five and 10 times
the recommended dose) were prepared, sealed and cured for four
months. Following the curing period, samples were soaked in water
for four days before the CBR tests
were administered. These tests showed no improvement in the soil
is compressive strength; in other words, samples prepared even
at higher dosages did not exhibit any improvement. Nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy tests were carried out on three enzymes in order
to study the functional groups present in them. Furthermore, X-ray
diffraction (XRD)
and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)
tests were executed for untreated and treated soil samples to
determine if any chemical reaction took place between the soil
and the enzymes. Neither of the tests (XRD nor FESEM) revealed any change. In
fact, the XRD patterns and FESEM images for untreated and
treated soil samples were indistinguishable.
Keywords: California
bearing ratio test; enzymes; improvement; soil
ABSTRAK
Kebimbangan terhadap alam
sekitar secara
signifikan mempengaruhi industri pembinaan mengenai pengenalan dan penggunaan bahan-bahan pembinaan alam sekitar yang mampan. Dalam konteks ini, enzim
(bahan organik)
telah diperkenalkan bagi penambahbaikan projek permukaan tanah seperti hamparan
dan benteng.
Penyelidikan
ini telah dijalankan
untuk menilai
kekuatan mampatan sisa sedimen tanah
yang dirawat dengan
tiga jenis enzim,
yang diperoleh melalui
ujian nisbah bearing California
(CBR).
Sampel
kawalan tanah
yang tidak dirawat dan dirawat
dan empat
dos (dos yang disyorkan serta dua, lima dan 10 kali dos yang disyorkan)
telah disediakan, ditutup dan diolah
selama empat
bulan. Berikutan tempoh pengolahan,
sampel telah
direndam dalam air selama empat hari
sebelum ujian
CBR
dijalankan. Ujian ini menunjukkan
tidak ada
peningkatan dalam kekuatan mampatan tanah; dalam erti
kata lain, sampel yang disediakan
walaupun pada
dos yang lebih tinggi juga tidak menunjukkan apa-apa peningkatan.
Ujian spektroskopi resonans nukleus magnet (NMR) telah
dijalankan ke
atas ketiga-tiga enzim dalam usaha
untuk mengkaji
kumpulan fungsian yang wujud di dalamnya. Selain itu, ujian
pembelauan sinar-x
(XRD)
dan mikroskopi
pancaran medan
imbasan elektron
(FESEM)
telah dijalankan
bagi sampel tanah
tidak dirawat
dan dirawat untuk
menentukan jika
terdapat tindak balas kimia yang berlaku antara tanah dan enzim
tersebut. Kedua-dua ujian (XRD atau FESEM) tidak menunjukkan
apa-apa perubahan.
Malah, pola XRD dan imej FESEM untuk
sampel tanah tidak
dirawat dan
dirawat tidak dapat dibezakan.
Kata kunci: Enzim; penambahbaikan; tanah; ujian nisbah bearing California
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*Corresponding author; email: takhan557@gmail.com |
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