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http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4712-19
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on
Root Culture and Yeast Extract Elicitation on Metabolite Profiles of Polygonum
minus
(Kesan Pengawalatur Pertumbuhan ke atas Kultur Akar
dan Elisitasi Ekstrak Yis ke atas Profil Metabolit Sekunder Polygonum minus)
MOHD AZHAR HASSAN1*, MARIATULQABTIAH ABDUL RAZAK2, AHMAD HAFIZ BAHAROM1, MUHAMMAD SHAFIE MD SAH1 & MOHAMAD ZULKIFFELY A. RAHMAN1
1MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400
Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 30
May 2018 /Accepted: 18 September 2018
ABSTRACT
There are various secondary
metabolites that have been identified in Polygonum minus Huds. or kesum plant, but the production is often very low and depending on growth stage.
Therefore, elicitation and in vitro techniques have been suggested as an
effective way for inducing secondary metabolites production in plant. This
study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions for P. minus root
formation in vitro and to profile the metabolite content from P.
minus root culture with and without elicitor treatment. From the root
induction study, it was found that the fresh weight of induced root for nodal
explant in MS liquid media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and
shaken had the highest production (0.38±0.08 g) compared to other
treatments including the control. The results from metabolite profile showed
that the volatile compound of P. minus root produced without any
elicitation contained 50.11% aliphatic (27.59% aldehide, 9.17% alkane and
13.35% others) and 19.39% sesquiterpene (β-caryophyllene, α-bergamotene, β-farnesene, α-caryophyllene dan β-curcumene)
where the dodecanal compound (22.27%) and β-caryophyllene (8.09%)
have the highest percentage value for aliphatic and sesquiterpene group,
respectively. Moreover, elicitation of P. minus root culture using yeast
extract at 100 mg/L concentration for 1 day demonstrated the ability to
increase the production of secondary metabolites in many volatile compounds of kesum
in vitro root including the sesquiterpene compounds compared to control
treatment and other yeast extract elicitation treatments.
Keywords: Aliphatic; elicitation; Polygonum
minus; secondary metabolite; sesquiterpene
ABSTRAK
Terdapat pelbagai metabolit sekunder
dikenal pasti di dalam Polygonum minus Huds. atau kesum tetapi
penghasilannya sangat rendah dan bergantung pada peringkat pertumbuhan.
Oleh itu, teknik elisitasi dan in vitro telah dicadangkan
sebagai cara yang berkesan untuk merangsang pengeluaran metabolit
sekunder pada tumbuhan. Kajian ini dilakukan bagi menentukan keadaan
yang optimum bagi penghasilan akar P. minus secara in
vitro dan memprofil kandungan metabolit daripada kultur akar
P. minus dengan dan tanpa perlakuan elisitor. Hasil kajian
pengaruhan akar mendapati bahawa berat basah akar bagi eksplan nodal
di dalam medium MS cecair yang ditambah dengan 0.5 mg/L NAA dan
digoncang telah memberikan nilai hasilan yang paling tinggi (0.38±0.08
g) berbanding rawatan lain termasuk rawatan kawalan. Keputusan kajian
profil metabolit pula menunjukkan bahawa sebatian meruap akar P.
minus yang terhasil tanpa sebarang perlakuan elisitor terdiri
daripada 50.11% alifatik (27.59% aldehid, 9.17% alkana dan 13.35%
lain-lain) dan 19.39% sesquiterpena (β-kariofilena, α-bergamoten,
β-farnesen, α-kariofilena dan β-curcumen) dengan
sebatian dodekanal (22.27%) dan β-kariofilena (8.09 %) masing-masing
menunjukkan nilai peratusan paling tinggi bagi kumpulan alifatik
dan sesquiterpena. Manakala elisitasi kultur akar P. minus menggunakan
ekstrak yis pada kepekatan 100 mg/L selama 1 hari didapati berupaya
meningkatkan penghasilan metabolit sekunder dalam kebanyakan sebatian
meruwap akar kesum yang terhasil termasuklah pada sebatian sesquiterpena
berbanding dengan rawatan kawalan dan rawatan elisitasi ekstrak
yis yang lain.
Kata
kunci: Alifatik; elisitasi; metabolit sekunder; Polygonum minus;
sesquiterpena
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*Corresponding author; email: mazhar@mardi.gov.my
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