Sains Malaysiana 47(1)(2018): 27–34

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-04

Biotechnology: A Powerful Tool for the Removal of Cadmium from Aquatic Systems

(Bioteknologi: Alat yang Ampuh untuk Penyingkiran Kadmium daripada Sistem Akuatik)

RABEEA MUNAWAR¹, EHSAN ULLAH MUGHAL^1*, AMINA SADIQ², HAMID MUKHTAR³, MUHAMMAD NAVEED ZAFAR⁴, MUHAMMAD WASEEM MUMTAZ1, ISHTIAQ AHMED⁵, MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR¹, BILAL AHMAD KHAN⁶, JAMSHAID ASHRAF¹, ZOFISHAN YOUSAF¹ & NOREED AKBAR¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

²Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan

³Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

⁴Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan

⁵Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

⁶Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

Received: 16 February 2017/Accepted: 15 June 2017

ABSTRACT

The prime objective of the present research work was to evaluate the efficiency of bio-machine for the removal of Cadmium (Cd) from aquatic systems. Aspergillus niger fungus was used as bio-machine to remove Cd from aquatic systems. Twenty three different strains (IIB-1 to IIB-23) were isolated from industrial effluents and the Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to the best Cadmium removal strain IIB-23 in order to obtain the adsorption parameters. Different parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial metal concentratio, and biomass dosage on the biosorption of Cd were studied. The percent removal of Cd initially increased with an increase in pH ranging from 5.5-6.5 and then decreased by increasing pH from 7.0-7.5. An optimized pH used for Cd removal from aquatic systems was found to be 6.5. Additionally, an optimum amount of biomass was 1.33 g for the maximum removal of Cd from the aqueous solutions with initial metal concentration of 75 mg/L. The results obtained thus indicated that Langmuir model is the best suited for the removal of Cd from aquatic systems.

Keywords: Adsorption; Aspergillus niger; Bio-machine; Biosorption; Biotechnology; Cadmium

ABSTRAK

Objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan mesin biologi dalam menyingkirkan kadmium (Cd) daripada sistem akuatik. Kulat Aspergillus niger digunakan sebagai mesin biologi untuk penyingkiran Cd daripada sistem akuatik. Dua puluh tiga strain berbeza (IIB-1 IIB-23) telah dipencilkan daripada efluen industri dan model Langmuir dan Freundlich digunakan untuk penyingkiran kadmium terbaik strain IIB-23 untuk mendapatkan parameter penjerapan. Parameter berbeza seperti pH, suhu, masa hubungan, kepekatan logam pemula dan dos biojisim pada bioserapan CD telah dikaji. Peratus penyingkiran Cd pada mulanya meningkat dengan peningkatan dalam pH antara 5.5-6.5 dan kemudian menurun dengan peningkatan pH daripada 7.0-7.5. PH optimum yang digunakan untuk penyingkiran Cd daripada sistem akuatik adalah 6.5. Di samping itu, sejumlah biojisim optimum adalah 1.33 g untuk penyingkiran maksimum Cd daripada larutan berair dengan kepekatan logam pemula 75 mg/L. Keputusan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahawa model Langmuir adalah yang terbaik untuk penyingkiran Cd daripada sistem akuatik.

Kata kunci: Aspergillus niger; bioserapan; bioteknologi; kadmium; mesin biologi; penjerapan

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*Corresponding author; email: ehsan.ullah@uog.edu.pk