Sains Malaysiana 47(1)(2018): 85–89

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-10

Captan Utilization by a Soil Bacterium Planomicrobium flavidum Strain EF

(Penggunaan Captan oleh Bakteria Tanah Strain EF Planomicrobium flavidum)

EMAN MOHAMED^1* & FATMA ABD EL-MOTALEB MOSTAFA²

¹Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

²Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt

Received: 31 January 2017/Accepted: 6 July 2017

ABSTRACT

The fungicide captan, which is commonly used to control fungal diseases in many plants, causes soil infertility and cancer to human beings. Hence, this fungicide was tested for utilization as a sole carbon source by a newly soil isolate, Planomicrobium flavidum strain EF. This bacterium resists captan up to 2000 ppm and showed higher growth patterns in minimum salt medium supplemented with captan only, if compared with minimum salt medium without captan. Moreover, almost 77.5% of captan has been utilized by Planomicrobiu flavidum after only 2 h of growth under shaking conditions and only 0.8% of the fungicide was remained after 24 h of bacterial growth. Captan residues in both soil samples and minimal salt medium were accurately estimated using GC-ECD (gas chromatography - electron detector) and GC-MS/MS (gas chromatography - mass spectrum) technologies. According to current results, Planomicrobium flavidum strain EF is highly recommended for captan and may be other fungicides bioremediation.

Keywords: Captan; GC-ECD; GC-MS/MS; Planomicrobium flavidum

ABSTRAK

Racun kulat captan, yang biasanya digunakan untuk kawalan penyakit kulat dalam kebanyakan tumbuhan telah menyebabkan ketidaksuburan tanah dan kanser kepada manusia. Oleh yang demikian, racun kulat ini diuji untuk penggunaan sebagai sumber karbon tunggal melalui pencilan tanah baharu, strain EF Planomicrobium flavidum. Bakteria rintang captan ini sehingga 2000 ppm dan menunjukkan corak pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi dalam medium garam minimum yang ditambah dengan captan sahaja, jika dibandingkan dengan medium garam minimum tanpa captan. Selain itu, hampir 77.5% daripada captan telah digunakan oleh Planomicrobiu flavidum hanya selepas dua jam pertumbuhan dalam keadaan goncangan dan hanya 0.8% daripada racun kulat ini kekal selepas 24 jam pertumbuhan bakteria. Sisa captan dalam kedua-dua sampel tanah dan medium garam minimum telah dianggarkan secara tepat menggunakan teknologi GC-ECD (kromatografi gas - pengesan elektron) dan GC-MS/MS (gas kromatografi - spektrum jisim). Mengikut keputusan semasa, strain EF Planomicrobium flavidum amat disyorkan sebagai captan dan mungkin sebagai bio pemulihan racun kulat lain.

Kata kunci: Captan; GC-ECD;GC-MS/MS; Planomicrobium flavidum

REFERENCES

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 1997. Regulatory Information on Pesticide Products (RIPP) Database (CCINFODISK). Produced by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and distributed by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. CD-ROM.

Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Scaffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W. & Lipman, D.J. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI- BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research 25(17): 3389-3402.

Angioni, A., Garau, V.L., Del Real, A.A., Melis, M., Minelli., E.V., Tuberoso, C. & Cabras, P. 2003. Determination and degradation of captan during the wine-making. Journalof Agricultural Food Chemistry 51: 6761-6766.

Attallah, E.R., Amer, M.E., Gomaa, A.M. & Elgohary, A.A. 2012. QuEChERS analytical method for determination of 93 pesticide residues in apples and potatoes using LC-MS/ MS. Journal of Applied Science Research 8(12): 5690-5697.

Banerjee, A. & Banerjee, A.K. 1987. Influence of captan on some microorganisms and microbial procecessese related to the nitrogen cycle. Plant Soil 102: 239-245.

Buyanovsky, G.A., Pieczonka, G.J., Wagner, G.H. & Fairchild, M.L. 1988. Degradation of captan under laboratory conditions. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 40: 689-695.

Dai, X., Wang, Y.N., Wang, B.J., Liu, S.J. & Zhou, Y.G. 2005. Planomicrobium chinensesp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment, and transfer of Planococcus psychrophilus and Planococcus alkanoclasticus to Planomicrobium as Planomicrobium psychrophilum comb. nov. and Planomicrobium alkanoclasticumcomb. nov. International Journal Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55: 699-702.

Das, R. & Tiwary, B.N. 2013. Isolation of a novel strain of Planomicrobium chinensefrom diesel contaminated soil of tropical environment. Journal of Basic Microbiology 53(9): 723-732.

Gilvydis, D.M. & Walters, S.M. 1991. Gas chromatographic determination of captan, folpet and captafol residues in tomatoes, cucumbers and appless using a wide-bore capillary column: Interlaboratory study. Journal of Association Official Analytical Chemistry 74(5): 830-835.

Goring, C.A.I. 1972. Fumigants, fungicides and nematicides. In Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment, Vol. 2, edited by Goring, C.A.I. & Hamaker, J.W. New York: Marcel Dekker Incorporation.

Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox, L.B., Andrews, R.N., Striley, C.A.F. & Alavanja, M.C.R. 2008. Captan exposure and evaluation of a pesticide exposure algorithm among orchard pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Annuals in Occupying Huygens 52(3): 267-278.

Kada, T., Moriya, M. & Shirasu, Y. 1974. Screening of pesticides for DNA interactions by rec-assay and mutagenesis testing and frameshift mutagens detected. Mutation Research 26: 243-248.

Kostov, O. & Van Cleemput, O. 2001. Microbial activity of Cu contaminated soils and effect of lime and compost on soil resiliency. Compost Science Utilization 9(4): 336-351.

Li, C.Y. & Nelson, E.E. 1985. Persistence of benomyl and captan and their effects on microbial activity in field soils. Bulleten of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 34: 150-157.

Martinez-Toledo, M.V., Salmeron, B., Rodelas, C. & Pozo, J.G.L. 1998. Effects of fungicide captan on some functional groups of soil microflora. Appllied Soil Ecology 7: 245-255.

Megadi, V.B., Tallur, P.N., Mulla, S.I. & Harichandra, Z.N. 2010. Biodegradation of pendimethalin by Bacillus circulans. Indian Journal of Biotechnolgy9: 173-177.

Milenkovski, S., Baath, E., Lindgren, P.E. & Berglund, O. 2010. Toxicity of fungicides to natural bacterial communities in wetland water and sediment measured using leucine incorporation and potential denitrification. Ecotoxicology19(2): 285-294.

Mohamed, E.A.H. 2016. Biophysical removal of some toxic heavy metals by Aeromonas strains. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 10(1): 311-316.

More, V., Tallup, P., More, S.S., Niyozima, F.N. & Ninnekar, H. 2014. Enhanced degradation of captan by immobilized cells of Bacillus circulans. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Food Science 4(2): 108-111.

Rahden-Staron, I., Szumilo, M. & Ziemkiewicz, P. 1994. The effect of captan and captafol on different bacterial strains and on c-mitosis in V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Acta Biochimstry Polleten41: 45-55.

Rawn, D.F.K., Quade, S.C., Sun, W.F., Fouguet, A., Belanger, A. & Smith, M. 2008. Captan residue reduction in apples as a result of rinsing and peeling. Food Chemistry 109: 790-796.

Roberts, L. 1989. Pesticides and kids. Science 243: 1280.

Shirasu, Y., Moriya, M., Kato, K., Furuhashi, A. & Kada, T. 1976. Mutagenicity screening of pesticides in the microbial system. Mutation Research 40: 19-30.

Tallur, P.N., Megadi, V.B. & Ninnekar, H.Z. 2008. Biodegradation of cypermethrin by Micrococcus sp. strain CPN1. Biodegradation 19: 77-82.

Tomin, C.D.S. 2000.The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium. 12th ed. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, U.K. pp. 132-133.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2009. Registration Eligibility Decision (RED): Captan, EPA: Washington DC, http:// www.epa.gov/oppsrrdl/REDs/0120red.

Yang, C., Hamel, C., Vujanovic, V. & Yantai, G. 2011. Fungicide: Modes of action and possible impact on nontarget microorganisms. ISRN Ecology. Article ID. 130289.

Ye, J., Singh, A. & Ward, O.P. 2004. Biodegradation of nitroaromatics compounds and other nitrogen-containing xenobiotics. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 20: 117-135.

Zhang, D.C., Liu, H.C., Xin, Y.H., Yu, Y., Zhou, P.J. & Zhou, Y.G. 2009. Planomicrobium glacieisp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from a glacier. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 59: 1387-1390.

*Corresponding author; email: emanahm@hotmail.com