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Sains Malaysiana 47(4)(2018): 683-689 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4702-05 Evaluation of Tensile Strength of Brazilian
Test under Solid and Ring Disks using Finite Element Analysis (Penilaian Kekuatan Regangan bagi Uji Kaji
Brazil di bawah Cakera
Utuh dan Cincin
menggunakan Analisis
Unsur Terhingga) RINI ASNIDA ABDULLAH1* & TAKASHI TSUTSUMI2 1Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia 2Urban Environmental Design and Engineering, National
Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College
Received: 20 June 2017/Accepted: 26 October 2017 ABSTRACT The tensile
strength of intact
rock materials has been
determined by indirect method
more frequent than the
direct
method. The most commonly
used indirect method
is Brazilian
test. Stress and deformability undergo
during the test reflected by geometry shape of the samples with
respect to the different diameter ratio. This
study focuses
on influence of geometry
shape in solid and ring disk with different diameter ratio on the
stress distribution and deformations within sandstone subjected
to indirect tensile loading by Brazilian test. Then, the finite
element method in RS2 software was utilised
to simulate and gain in depth understanding the behaviour of Brazilian test. The analysis shown
that the
maximum tensile strength in a ring disk with diameter
ratio of 0.1 is three times higher than in solid disk. Meanwhile,
as the diameter ratio of ring
disk increases, it produces lower
tensile strength.
The numerical simulation also has successfully illustrated the shear failure
which observed near
the loading
platen of solid
disk during
Brazilian test. The
finite element
analysis utilised in this research
has successfully enables the stress distribution and deformation
behaviour of the rock under tension to be studied closely. Keywords: Brazilian test; finite element method;
ring test; RS2; tensile strength ABSTRAK Kekuatan regangan batuan utuh ditentukan dengan kaedah tidak
langsung lebih
kerap berbanding daripada kaedah langsung. Kaedah tidak langsung
yang paling biasa digunakan
adalah uji kaji Brazil. Tekanan dan perubahan bentuk yang dialami semasa uji kaji merujuk kepada bentuk geometri sampel dengan perkaitan nisbah diameter
yang berbeza.
Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada pengaruh bentuk geometri dalam cakera utuh dan cincin dengan nisbah diameter yang berbeza pada
agihan
tegasan dan perubahan bentuk di dalam batu pasir yang
tertakluk kepada bebanan regangan tidak langsung dari uji
kaji Brazil. Kaedah unsur
terhingga di dalam
perisian RS2 telah digunakan untuk mensimulasi dan memahami dengan lebih mendalam sifat uji kaji Brazil. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa kekuatan regangan maksima di dalam cakera cincin
dengan nisbah
diameter 0.1 adalah tiga kali lebih besar daripada
cakera utuh.
Sementara itu, semakin besar nisbah diameter cakera cincin, semakin kecil kekuatan regangan yang dihasilkan. Simulasi berangka telah berjaya menggambarkan
tegasan ricih
yang wujud berhampiran beban plat di dalam uji kaji Brazil pada cakera utuh.
Analisis
unsur terhingga yang digunakan dalam kajian ini telah
berjaya membolehkan
agihan tegasan dan perubahan sifat bentuk batuan di bawah tekanan untuk
dikaji dengan teliti. Kata kunci: Kaedah unsur
terhingga; kekuatan
regangan; RS2; uji kaji Brazil; uji kaji cincin REFERENCES Abdullah, R.A., Rosle, Q.A., Al-Bared, M.A.M., Haron, N.H., Shamsul Kamal, M.N.T. & Ghazali, M.H.Q. 2015. Stability assessment of rock slope at Pangsapuri Intan, Cheras. International Conference on Slopes, Malaysia. 14 -16 Sept. Kuala Lumpur. Al-Bared, M.A.M., Abdullah, R.A., Yunus, N.Z.M., Amin, M.F.M. & Awang, H. 2015. Rock slope assessment using kinematic and numerical analyses. Jurnal Teknologi 77(11): 59-66. Aresh, B., Daadbin, A. & Sarwar, M. 2016. Investigation into rock mechanics using finite element method. ISRM International Symposium - 6th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium. 23-27 October, New Delhi, India. Azlan, N.N.N., Simon, N., Hussin, A., Roslee, R. & Ern, L.K.E. 2017. Pencirian sifat kimia bahan tanah pada cerun gagal di sepanjang jalan Ranau-Tambunan Sabah, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 46(6): 867-877. Chen, C.S. & Hsu, S.C. 2001. Measurement of indirect tensile strength of anisotropic rocks by the ring test. Journal Rock Mechanic & Rock Engineering 34(4): 293-321. Cheng, Y. 2000. Slope stability analysis methods. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. 15: 50-58. Chou, Y. & Chen, C. 2008. Determining elastic constants of transversely isotropic rocks using Brazilian test and interactive procedure. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 46: 219-234. Erarslan, N., Liang, Z.Z. & Williams, D.J. 2012. Experimental and numerical studies on determination of indirect tensile strength of rocks. Journal Rock Mechanic & Rock Engineering 45(5): 739-751. Gramberg, J. 1965. Axial cleavage fracturing, a significant process in mining and geology. Journal Rock Mechanic & Rock Engineering 1(1): 31-72. Goh, T.L., Ghani, R.A. & Hariri, A.M. 2012. Kekuatan geomekanik batuan granit dan syis di Semenanjung Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 41(2): 193-198. Hague, T. 2010. Combined mode fracture via the cracked Brazilian disk test. Journal Rock Mechanic & Rock Engineering 18(4): 279-291. Hobbs, D.W. 1964. The tensile
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Hoek, E. 1964. Fracture of anisotropic rock. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 64(10): 501-518. Hudson, J.A. 1969. Tensile strength and the ring test. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 6: 91-97. ISRM. 2007. The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring 1974-2006: 212-218. Kennedy, T.W. 1972. Practical method of conducting the indirect tensile test. Journal Rock Mechanic & Rock Engineering 42: 85-94. Khalfalla, F.A.I. 2016. Reliability of indirect tensile strength test on homogenous material using finite element method. Master Thesis. UTM. pp. 19-70 (Unpublished). Li, D., Ngai, L. & Wong, Y. 2013. The Brazilian disc test for rock mechanics applications: Review and new insights. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 46(2): 269-287. Rocscience. 2016. RS2 User Manual. Rocscience Inc. Toronto. http://www.rocscience.com/. Accessed on April 2016. Tsutsumi, T., Kukino, S., Abdullah, R.A. & Amin, M.F.M. 2016. Distribution of maximum principal stress under distributed load from loading plate in specimen for Brazilian test. Jurnal Teknologi 72(1): 1-6. Yanagidani, T. 1978. The observation of cracks propagating in isotropic rock. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr. 15: 225-235. *Corresponding author; email: asnida@utm.my
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