 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1269–1276
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-23
Agronomic
Biofortification of Fodder Sorghum with Zinc under Different Levels of Nitrogen
(Biofortifikasi
Agronomi Sorgum Foder dengan Zink pada Tahap Nitrogen Berbeza)
WAQAS AHMAD*, MUHAMMAD TAHIR, RIAZ AHMAD
& RASHID AHMAD
Department of Agronomy, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
Received: 13 August 2017/Accepted: 22 January 2018
ABSTRACT
Zinc (Zn) deficient soil prevails throughout the world and it has
become the bottleneck in achieving production potential and quality
of crops. The negligible use of micronutrients along with irregular
use of macronutrients is practised for fodder production in Pakistan.
Varying levels of zinc (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and
180 kg ha-1) were evaluated for their effect on yield, quality
and zinc uptake on fodder sorghum (variety Hegari) in a field experiment
for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Data were analysed by
using Fishers' analysis of variance (at p<0.05) and response surface methodology (RSM).
Correlation between different parameters was also studied. Application
of zinc and nitrogen improved the plant height, leaf area plant-1,
green fodder yield, dry matter yield, crude protein percentage and
zinc content of plant but decreased the neutral detergent fiber,
acid detergent fiber and ash percentage. Values for different parameters
recorded at second and third levels of zinc and nitrogen were remained
at par with each other. Application of 10 kg ha-1 zinc
and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen
showed an average increase of 7.3 and 18.6% in green fodder yield
while 12.1 and 15.8% in dry matter yield, respectively. Similarly
6.1 and 7.5% increase in crude protein was noted over control. Correlation
between NDF and
ADF
was negative with rest of the studied parameters.
In conclusion, Zn2 and N2 gave the best results in term
of yield and quality of fodder sorghum.
Keywords: Agronomic biofortification; fodder; nitrogen; sorghum;
zinc
ABSTRAK
Tanah yang kekurangan zink (Zn) berlaku di seluruh dunia dan ia menjadi halangan bagi mencapai potensi pengeluaran dan
kualiti tanaman. Penggunaan mikronutrien yang
tidak dapat dielakkan bersama penggunaan makronutrien yang tidak
teratur diamalkan untuk pengeluaran foder di Pakistan. Tahap
zink (0, 5, 10 dan 15 kg ha-1) dan nitrogen (0, 60, 120 dan
180 kg ha-1) telah dinilai untuk kesannya terhadap hasil, kualiti
dan pengambilan zink pada sorgum foder (pelbagai Hegari) dalam uji
kaji bidang selama dua tahun berturut-turut (2014 dan 2015).
Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis Fisher's pelbagai (pada p<0.05) dan kaedah gerak balas
permukaan (RSM).
Korelasi antara parameter yang berbeza juga
dikaji. Penggunaan zink dan nitrogen meningkatkan ketinggian
tumbuhan, tumbuhan daun tanaman-1, hasil foder hijau, hasil bahan kering, peratusan
protein mentah dan kandungan zink tumbuhan tetapi menurunkan serat
detergen neutral, serat pencuci asid dan peratusan abu. Nilai untuk
parameter yang berbeza yang dicatatkan pada tahap kedua dan ketiga
zink dan nitrogen kekal setanding dengan satu sama
lain. Penggunaan 10 kg ha-1 zink dan 120 kg ha-1
nitrogen menunjukkan peningkatan purata sebanyak 7.3
dan 18.6% dalam hasil foder hijau manakala 12.1 dan 15.8% dalam
hasil bahan kering. Begitu juga 6.1 dan 7.5%
peningkatan dalam protein mentah telah diperhatikan melalui kawalan.
Korelasi antara NDF dan
ADF
negatif dengan sisa parameter yang dikaji.
Sebagai kesimpulan, Zn2 dan N2 memberikan
hasil terbaik dalam bentuk hasil dan kualiti
sorgum foder.
Kata kunci: Biofortifikasi agronomik; foder; nitrogen;
sorgum; zink
REFERENCES
Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in Soils
and Crop Nutrition. Brussels, Belgium: International Zinc Association.
Amin, M. & El-Murtada, H. 2011. Effect of different nitrogen sources on growth, yield and quality
of fodder maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Saudi Society of
Agricultural Sciences 10: 17-23.
Anonymous. 2011. Pakistan Agriculture
Research Council. Government of Pakistan. Available on line at http://www. parc.gov.pk/NARC/Fodder/Pages/intro.html.
AOAC. 1990. Officials Methods of
Analysis. Washington D.C., USA. Association of Official
Analytical Chemists.
Ashoka, P.,
Mudalagiriyappa, M., Pujari, B.T., Hugar, P.S. & Desai, B.K. 2008. Effect of micronutrients with or without
organic manures on yield of baby corn (Zea mays L.) chickpea (Cicer
artietinum L.) sequence. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural
Sciences 21(4): 485-487.
Ayub, M., Nadeem,
M.A., Tahir, M., Ibrahim, M. & Aslam, M.N. 2009. Effect of nitrogen application and
harvesting intervals on forage yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum
americanum L.). Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences 7:
185-189.
Ayub, M., Nadeem,
M.A., Tanveer, A., Tahir, M. & Khan, R.M.A. 2007. Interactive effect of different nitrogen
levels and seeding rates on fodder yield and quality of pearl millet. Pakistan
Journal of Agricultural Sciences 44(4): 592-596.
Ayub, M., Nadeem,
M.A., Tanveer, A. & Husnain, A. 2002. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and harvesting times on
growth, yield and quality of sorghum fodder. Asian Journal of Plant
Sciences 4: 304-307.
Azam, M., Waraich,
E.A, Pervaiz, A. & Nawaz, F. 2010. Response of a newly developed fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.
Monech) variety (F-9917) to NPK application. Pakistan Journal of Life
and Social Sciences 8: 117-120.
Bhoya, M., Chaudhari,
P.P., Raval, C.H. & Bhatt, P.K. 2014. Effect of nitrogen and zinc on growth and yield of fodder sorghum (Sorghum
bicolor L.) Moench varieties. International Journal of Agricultural
Sciences 10(1): 294-297.
Box, G.E.P., Hunter,
W.G. & Hunter, J.S. 2005. An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis, and Model Building. Statistics for Experimenters. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Cakmak, I. 2002. Plant
nutrition research priorities to meet human needs for food in ustainable ways. Plant Science 247: 3-24.
Castagnara, D.D.,
Krutzmann, A., Steiner, T.Z.F., Castro, A.M.C., Neres, M.A. & Oliveira,
P.S.R. 2012. Effect of boron and
zinc fertilization on white oats grown in soil with average content of these
nutrients. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 41: 1598-1607.
Chaab, A., Savaghebi, Gh. R. &
Motesharezadeh, B. 2011. Differences in the zinc efficiency
among and within maize cultivars in a calcareous soil. Asian Journal
of Agricultural Sciences 3(1): 26-31.
Chao, N.K., Kang, Y.K. & Boo, C.H.
2001. Effect of split nitrogen application on agronomic
characteristics, forage yield and composition of Japanese millet. Journal
of Animal Science and Technology 43(2): 253-253.
Fageria, N.K. 2002. Influence of
micronutrients on dry matter yield and interaction with other nutrients in
annual crops. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 37: 1765-1772.
Fulkerson, W.J.,
Horadagoda, A., Neal, J.S., Barchia, I. & Nandra, K.S. 2008. Nutritive value of forage species grown in the warm
temperate climate of Australia for dairy cows. Livestock Science 114:
75-83.
GOP.
2016. Economic Survey of Pakistan 2015-2016.
Ministry of Finance, Finance Division. Economic Advisor's Wing,
Islamabad. pp. 24-42. Hafeez, B., Khanif,
Y.M. & Saleem, M. 2013. Role of
zinc in plant nutrition- A review. American Journal
of Experimental Agriculture 3(2): 374-391.
Hosnedlova, B.,
Travnicek, J. & Soch, M. 2007. Current
view of significance of zinc for ruminants: A review. Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 40(2): 57-64.
Kwon, S.H. & Torrie, J.H. 1964. Heritability and interrelation among traits of two soybean
populations. Crop Sciences 4: 196-198.
McGraw-Hill, C. 2008. Statistix 8.1. Analytical Software,
Tallahassee, USA.
Mehdi, S.S., Husain, B. & Singh, L.
2012. Influence of seed rate, nitrogen and zinc on fodder
maize (Zea mays L.) in temperate conditions of western Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57(1): 85-88.
Rana, A.S., Ahmad,
A.H., Saleem, N., Nawaz, A., Hussian, T. & Saad, M. 2014. Differential response of sorghum
cultivars for fodder yield and quality. Journal of Global Innovative
in Agricultural and Social Sciences 2(1): 6-10.
Reddy, V.R. & Soussan, J. 2004.
Assessing the impacts of watershed development programmes: A sustainable rural
livelihoods framework. Indian Journal of Agricultural and Economics 59(3):
331-343.
Sharifi, R.S. & Taghizadeh, R.
2009. Response of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars to different levels of
nitrogen fertilizer Journals of Food, Agriculture and Environment 7(3-4):
518-521.
Shukla, V.K., Agarwal, S.B. &
Thakur, G.S. 2003. Response of seed rate and nitrogen levels on forage yield of
sorghum under rainfed condition in Madhya Pradesh. Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi
Vishwa Vidyalaya Research Journal 37: 83-84.
Singh, P.H. & Sumeriya, K. 2012. Effect of nitrogen on yield, economics and quality of fodder
sorghum genotypes. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 14: 133-135.
Soltanpour, P.N. 1985. Use of AB-DTPA soil test to evaluate elemental availability and
toxicity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 16:
323-338.
Steel, R.G.D.,
Torrie, J.H. & Dickey, D.A. 1997. Principles
and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc. pp. 400-428.
van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. & Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch
polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy
Science 74: 3583-3597.
Verma, S.S., Singh, N., Joshi, Y.P.
& Deorari, V. 2005. Effect of nitrogen and zinc on growth
characters, herbage yield, nutrient uptake and quality of fodder sorghum (Sorghum
bicolor L). Indian Journal of Agronomy 50: 167-169.
Yatoo, M.I., Saxena, A., Deepa, P.M.,
Habeab, B.P., Devi, S., Jatav, R.S. & Dimri, U. 2013. Role of trace
elements in animals: A review. Veterinary World 6: 963-967.
*Corresponding author; email: waqasahmad.uaf@gmail.com
|
|||
|
