Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 493-502

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-04

Hidrogeologi dan Geokimia Air Bawah Tanah di Daerah Tampin, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

(Hydrogeology and Groundwater Geochemistry of the Tampin District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

NORHAYATI MOHD RAWI¹, NURSABRINA SYAHIRAH HAIRUDIN¹, NORBERT SIMON^1,2,3*, LEE KHAI ERN² & NORSYAFINA ROSLAN¹

¹Pusat Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 

²Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Pusat Kajian Bencana Alam (NDRC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Received: 25 June 2019/Accepted: 5 December 2019

ABSTRAK

Penilaian air bawah tanah untuk kegunaan domestik adalah sangat penting untuk mengelakkan isu kesihatan kepada pengguna yang bergantung kepada air bawah tanah sebagai bekalan utama semasa krisis air dan kemarau. Lazimnya, penilaian kualiti air bawah tanah hanya dijalankan untuk menentukan keselamatan penggunaannya dan sumber semula jadi bahan pencemar sering tidak dilaporkan. Oleh itu, tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kualiti air bawah tanah dan juga mengenal pasti potensi bahan pencemar dan sumbernya menggunakan kaedah Piper dan Gibbs sebagai tambahan kepada penilaian kualiti air. Analisis ini telah dijalankan ke atas 38 telaga tiub di Daerah Tampin. Daerah ini telah mengalami krisis air pada tahun 2015 semasa air di Empangan Gemencheh turun ke paras kritikal akibat daripada fenomena El Nino. Untuk tujuan analisis, data geokimia dari tahun 2013 ke 2015 telah digunakan. Berdasarkan Rajah Piper, unsur yang dominan dalam telaga tiub tersebut adalah Ca²⁺HO₃^-, diikuti oleh Na⁺ HO₃^-, dan Ca²⁺Na⁺ HO₃^-. Evolusi hidrokimia pula adalah akibat daripada interaksi antara batuan dan pemendakan air bawah tanah berdasarkan Rajah Gibbs. Berkenaan dengan kualiti air, paras Fe didapati meningkat dalam 3 telaga tiub (NTPPW 18, RTG 27 & RTG 53) sepanjang tahun tersebut, manakala unsur lain didapati berada pada tahap yang boleh diterima. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahan pencemar terbentuk daripada interaksi air dengan batuan yang terluluhawa dan juga daripada air hujan yang boleh melarutkan serta mengalirkan ion unsur logam ke dalam telaga tiub sekitar Daerah Tampin.

Kata kunci: Air bawah tanah; fiziko-kimia; Rajah Gibbs; Rajah Piper

ABSTRACT

Groundwater assessment for domestic use is vitally important to prevent health issues to users who are depending on groundwater as their main supplies especially during water crisis and drought. Often, quality of groundwater is assessed only on their safety for use, the source of natural pollutants especially from geological materials is often not reported. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the water quality of tubewells and also to identify potential pollutants and their sources using Piper and Gibbs methods as an addition for water quality assessment. The Piper diagram is used to provide an understanding on the geochemical evolution of the groundwater and the Gibbs diagram shows the relationship of the water composition and the aquifer. The analysis was conducted on 38 tubewells in the District of Tampin. This district has experience water crisis in 2015 when the water in the Gemencheh Dam dropped to a critical level due to the El Nino phenomenon. For the analysis purpose, geochemical data from 2013 to 2015 from 8 active tubewells were used. Based on the Piper Diagram, the dominant element found in wells are  Ca²⁺HO₃^-, followed by Na⁺ HO₃^- and Ca^-Na^- HO₃^-. The hydro-chemical evolution is mainly due to the interaction between rocks and precipitation of groundwater based on the Gibbs Diagram. On the water quality, the level of Fe is found to be increasing in 3 wells (NTPPW 18, RTG 27 & RTG 53) over the years, while other critical elements remain to be in acceptable level. The overall finding shows that pollutants may enter the wells from weathered rock and also from rainfall that will saturate as well as draining heavy metal ions into wells around the Tampin District.

Keywords: Gibbs Diagram; physico-chemical; Piper Diagram; underground water

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*Corresponding author; email: norbsn@ukm.edu.my