Sains Malaysiana 50(11)(2021): 3205-3217

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-05

Petrography and Geochemistry of Dolomites of Samanasuk Formation, Dara Adam Khel Section, Kohat Ranges, Pakistan

(Petrografi dan Geokimia Dolomit Formasi Samanasuk, Bahagian Dara Adam Khel, Kohat Ranges, Pakistan)

EMAD ULLAH KHAN^1,2, ABBAS ALI NASEEM¹* MARYAM SALEEM^1,3, FAISAL REHMAN¹, SYED WASEEM SAJJAD¹, WAQAR AHMAD⁴ & TAHIR AZEEM¹

¹Department of Earth Sciences, Quiad-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan

²Department of Geology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan

³Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁴Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada

Received: 11 November 2020/Accepted: 8 March 2021

ABSTRACT

Replacement dolomite occurs in Jurassic Samanasuk Formation in Dara Adam khel area of Kohat ranges, North-Western Himalayas, Pakistan. This study, for the first time, document the process of dolomitization and evolution of strata bound dolomitic bodies. Field investigation, petrography and geochemistry helped in unraveling the formation of several dolomitic bodies. Petrographically dolomites comprises of: (1) medium grain crystalline planer subhedral dolomite (Dol-I); (2) fine grained crystalline anhedral non-planer dolomite rhombs (Dol-II); (3) medium to coarse grained crystalline subhedral-anhedral non-planer dolomite (Dol-III) and coarse to very coarse grained crystalline saddle dolomite cements (SD). The saddle dolomites (SD) postdate the replacement dolomites and precede telogenetic calcite (TC) cements. Stable O and C isotope analysis shows that these dolomites have δ¹⁸O_vpdb ranging from -4.09% to -10.4 whereas the δ¹³C_vpdb ranges from +0.8 to +2.51. Major and trace elements data show that Sr concentrations of 145.5 to 173 ppm; Fe contents of 2198 to 8215 ppm; and Mn contents of 93.5 to 411 ppm. Petrographically replacive dolomites, saddle dolomite, and δ¹⁸O_vpdb values depicts neomorphism of replacement dolomites that were formed earlier were exposed to late dolomitizing fluids. As a result of basin uplift during the Himalayan orogeny in Eocene time, dolomitization event was stopped through occurrence of meteoric water. The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and its splays were most likely essential conduits that channelized dolomitizing fluids from siliciclastic rocks that were buried deeply into the Jurassic carbonates rocks, leading to more extreme dolomitization.

Keywords: Dolomitization; hydrothermal; isotope; saddle dolomite

ABSTRAK

Dolomit penggantian berlaku dalam Formasi Jura Samanasuk di kawasan khel Dara Adam, banjaran Kohat, Barat Laut Himalaya, Pakistan. Kajian ini, buat pertama kalinya, mendokumentasikan proses pendolomitan dan evolusi jasad dolomitik terikat strata. Penyelidikan lapangan, petrografi dan geokimia membantu merungkai pembentukan beberapa jasad dolomitik. Dolomit petrografi terdiri daripada: (1) dolomit subhedron perata kristal butiran sederhana (Dol-I); (2) rombus dolomit bukan perata anhedron kristal butiran halus (Dol-II); (3) dolomit bukan perata subhedron-anhedron kristal butiran sederhana hingga kasar (Dol-III) dan simen dolomit pelana kristal kasar hingga kasar (SD). Pelana dolomit (SD) menunda penggantian dolomit dan mendahului telogenetik kalsit (TC) simen. Analisis isotop O dan C yang stabil menunjukkan bahawa dolomit ini mempunyai δ18Ovpdb antara -4.09% hingga -10.4 sedangkan δ13Cvpdb berkisar antara +0.8 hingga +2.51. Data unsur utama dan unsur surih menunjukkan bahawa kepekatan Sr dari 145.5 hingga 173 ppm; kandungan Fe dari 2198 hingga 8215 ppm; dan kandungan Mn 93.5 hingga 411 ppm. Nilai dolomit pengganti petrografi, dolomit pelana dan nilai δ18Ovpdb menggambarkan neomorfisme penggantian dolomit yang terbentuk sebelumnya terdedah kepada cecair pendolomitan lewat. Akibat peningkatan lembangan semasa orogeni Himalaya pada usia Eosen, peristiwa pendolomitan dihentikan akibat terjadinya air meteor. Sungkup Sempadan Utama (MBT) dan megarnya kemungkinan besar merupakan saluran penting yang menyalurkan cecair pendolomitan daripada batuan silisiklastik yang terkubur jauh ke dalam batu karbonat Jura, menyebabkan pendolomitan yang lebih ekstrem.

Kata kunci: Hidroterma; isotop; pendolomitan; pelana dolomit

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*Corresponding author; email: abbasaliqau@gmail.com